Needle CO2 exchange, structure and defense traits in relation to needle age in Pinus heldreichii Christ – a relict of Tertiary flora

Oleksyn, Jacek; Tjoelker, Mark G.; Lorenc‐Plucińska, Gabriela; Konwinska, A; Żytkowiak, Roma; Karolewski, Piotr; Reich, Peter B.

doi:10.1007/pl00009700

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We observed that P of detached 1-year-old A. alba needles did not significantly differ from P of attached 1-year-old needles. This observation is consistent with the results of gas exchange measurements on attached and detached needles of other conifer tree species (Oleksyn et al 1997;Maier et al 2002). A custom-made lamp consisting of sets of interspersed blue and red diodes was used as a cool light source with intensity controlled at the power adapter (Wyka et al 2008).…”

Section: Measurements Of Gas Exchangesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…(Weikert et al 1989), Pinus sylvestris L. (Freeland 1952;Wang et al 1995;Jach and Ceulemans 2000), Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes (Brooks et al 1996), Pinus heldreichii Christ (Oleksyn et al 1997), Pinus taeda L. (Crous and Ellsworth 2004), Pinus pinaster Aiton (Warren 2006), Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…The relation between the needle traits and their age has rarely been studied in more than three needle age classes along a light gradient within an individual tree crown (Brooks et al 1996;Oleksyn et al 1997). Leaf mass-to-area ratio (LMA), which has often been used as an indicator of variation in leaf structure, depended on species, light environment and leaf life span (Reich et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Needle age dependence of photosynthesis along a light gradient within an Abies alba crown

Robakowski

Bielinis

2017

Acta Physiol Plant

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Age and shade effects on needle structure and photosynthesis were determined within a lower part of Abies alba crown along a horizontal increasing gradient of branches self-shading. It was hypothesized that a decrease in net CO 2 assimilation rate with increasing needles' age would be related to: (1) structural age-related changes in needles, (2) reduction of stomatal conductance, (3) nitrogen translocation from old to young needles, and (4) decrease in efficiency of photochemical processes. Leaf mass-to-area ratio increased non-linearly with needle age. In a needle cross section, distance between the vascular bundles decreased, and height of palisade parenchyma cells increased with age. The structural changes observed in our study might lead to an increase in internal resistance to CO 2 with greater needle age. Total needle nitrogen concentration linearly decreased with age due to dilution and/ or translocation to younger needles. When expressed per needle area, nitrogen content was reduced in 6-year-old needles compared with younger ones. Net CO 2 assimilation rate per needle area decayed and was accompanied by a decrease in transpiration and water and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. Old needles maintained high photochemical efficiency which compensated to some extent for light deficit in their micro-light environments. Our results have suggested that there is a mechanism controlling the relation between efficiency of light and dark photosynthetic processes along the needle age and shade gradient in A. alba crown.Keywords Chlorophyll a fluorescence Á Leaf age Á Needle structure Á Nitrogen concentration Á Photosynthesis Á Silver fir

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Section: Measurements Of Gas Exchangesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionunclassified

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Needle age dependence of photosynthesis along a light gradient within an Abies alba crown

Robakowski

Bielinis

2017

Acta Physiol Plant

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“…Indeed, higher investments in defensive alkaloids can be found in younger leaves (Iwasa et al, 1996). However, older leaves can contain more tannins, which cannot be retranslocated to younger leaves (Oleksyn et al, 1997). Another sense of ' more valuable ' arises in comparing plants of different nutritional status.…”

Section: Nutritional Unattractiveness From Low Nutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure

1999

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Both within and between species, leaves of plants display wide ranges in structural features. These features include : gross investments of carbon and nitrogen substrates (e.g. leaf mass per unit area) ; stomatal density, distribution between adaxial and abaxial surfaces, and aperture ; internal and external optical scattering structures ; defensive structures, such as trichomes and spines ; and defensive compounds, including UV screens, antifeedants, toxins, and silica abrasives. I offer a synthesis of selected publications, including some of my own. A unifying theme is the adaptive value of expressing certain structural features, posed as metabolic costs and benefits, for (1) competitive acquisition and use of abiotic resources (such as water, light and nitrogen) and (2) regulation of biotic interactions, particularly fungal attack and herbivory. Both acclimatory responses in one plant and adaptations over evolutionary time scales are covered where possible. The ubiquity of trade-offs in function is a recurrent theme ; this helps to explain diversity in solutions to the same environmental challenges but poses problems for investigators to uncover numerous important trade-offs. I offer some suggestions for research, such as on the need for models that integrate biotic and abiotic effects (these must be highly focused), and some speculations, such as on the intensity of selection pressures for these structures.

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“…In these studies, light (Bond et al 1999, Palmroth and Hari 2001, Kobayashi and Gyokusen 2002, Han et al 2003a, nutrient availability (Reich and Schoettle 1988, Marshall et al 1994, Kobayashi and ---Gyokusen 2002, Ripullone et al 2003, and needle age (Brooks et al 1996, Oleksyn et al 1997, Schoettle and Smith 1999 were investigated as the source of variation in needle N content. However, each of these studies was conducted over a short period during a growing season under favorable conditions, and hence in evergreen conifers it remains unknown whether photosynthetic capacity correlates with needle N content considering the temporal changes in needles N content as the source of variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations in the photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) canopy

Kobayashi¹,

Inoue²,

Gyokusen³

2010

Photosynt.

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Spatial and temporal variations in light-saturated photosynthetic capacity and needle nitrogen (N) content were investigated in one 8 m tall Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) canopy for a full year. The photosynthetic capacity and needle N content in various layers of the canopy were measured every month. Temporal variations in photosynthetic capacity and needle N content expressed on a projected-area basis (P area , N area ) were similar. Furthermore, both P area and N area decreased with increasing depth from the top of the canopy on each sampling date. As a consequence, a significant correlation was observed between N area and P area . Temporal variations in photosynthetic capacity and needle N content expressed on a mass basis (P mass , N mass ) were also similar. P mass also decreased with increasing canopy depth. However, in contrast to N area , there was only a slight decrease in N mass with increasing canopy depth. Hence, the correlation between N mass and P mass was lower than the projected-area value. Because N area was highly correlated with the needle mass per projected-area (NMA), the spatial variation in N area (and therefore P area ) in the canopy is attributed to the variation in NMA, which decreases as the depth from the top of the canopy increases. Furthermore, the slope of the linear regression between N area and NMA differed between sampling dates, indicating that the temporal variations in N area (and therefore P area ) are strongly influenced by N mass . For most of the sampling dates, a linear regression between N area and P area tends to converge into a single line segment. However, on several sampling dates, there was a pronounced decline in P area below this line segment. This reduction in P area , which does not accompany a reduction in N area , seems to be attributable to stomatal limitations induced by the low soil temperature in winter and early spring.

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Needle CO2 exchange, structure and defense traits in relation to needle age in Pinus heldreichii Christ – a relict of Tertiary flora

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Needle age dependence of photosynthesis along a light gradient within an Abies alba crown

Needle age dependence of photosynthesis along a light gradient within an Abies alba crown

Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure

Spatial and temporal variations in the photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) canopy

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