Necropsy findings in fatal hypothermia cases

Hirvonen, J.

doi:10.1016/0300-9432(76)90059-5

Cited by 98 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some of the histopathologic findings in the turtles of this report may be consistent with lesions seen in human cases of hypothermia. For example, gastric or duodenal submucosal bleeding and erosions may be seen in human hypothermia deaths, and similar lesions were seen in several turtles in this study (Hirvonen, 1976;Mizukami et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Pathologic and Parasitologic Findings of Cold-Stunned Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys Kempii) Stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001–2006

Innis

Nyaoke

Williams

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Necropsy reports for 28 stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) that died between 2001 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Gross and microscopic lesions were compiled to describe the pathologic and parasitologic findings in turtles that were found freshly dead on the beach or that died within 48 hr of stranding. Anatomic lesions of varying severity were identified in each of the examined turtles and were identified in tissues of the alimentary, respiratory, integumentary, nervous and sensory, and urogenital systems in order of decreasing frequency. Necrotizing enterocolitis and bacterial or fungal pneumonia were the most frequently encountered lesions that were considered clinically significant. Parasites and parasitic lesions were identified primarily in tissues of the alimentary system and included intestinal cestodiasis and parasitic granulomas containing larval cestodes or nematodes. Postlarval cestodes were also found in the coelom of two turtles. In many cases, the extent and severity of lesions were judged to be insufficient to have solely caused mortality, suggesting that additional factors such as metabolic, respiratory, and electrolyte derangements; hypothermia; and drowning may be important proximate causes of death in cold-stunned turtles. Results of this study provide insight into pathologic conditions that may be of clinical relevance to rehabilitation efforts for coldstunned sea turtles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Pathologic and Parasitologic Findings of Cold-Stunned Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys Kempii) Stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001–2006

Innis

Nyaoke

Williams

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…A great contribution to the knowledge of biochemical changes occurring during hypothermia was revealed in the investigations carried out by Hirvonen et al [48][49][50][51][52]. In a study performed in 1976 concerning 22 fatal cases of accidental or suicidal hypothermia [48], the authors found that histamine and serotonin concentrations in urine tended to be lower in cases of hypothermia than in control cases.…”

Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a study performed in 1976 concerning 22 fatal cases of accidental or suicidal hypothermia [48], the authors found that histamine and serotonin concentrations in urine tended to be lower in cases of hypothermia than in control cases. However, the differences between the hypothermia and control cases could also have been due to the general dilution of urine due to cold diuresis.…”

Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem biochemical investigations in hypothermia fatalities

Palmière

Mangin

2012

Int J Legal Med

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Despite the progress made during the past several decades in forensic pathology, the possibilities for the postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia remains relatively limited. Aside from histology and immunohistochemistry, numerous authors have investigated the postmortem biochemistry of hypothermia fatalities. Several biochemical markers (e.g., glucose, electrolytes, hormones, ketone bodies, and neurotransmitters) and various biological samples (e.g., blood, urine, heart, liver, skeletal muscle as well as pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids) have been proposed as potentially useful markers to improve the insufficient diagnostic efficacy of macroscopic and microscopic findings. The aim of this article is to review the medicolegal literature covering the postmortem biochemical investigations that are associated with hypothermia cases as well as report our own research results on this topic where possible.

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“…Forensic studies have suggested a link between ethanol (EtOH) consumption and an impairment of thermoregulation (Hirvonen 1976). EtOH has been shown to produce a reduction in body temperature in humans and animals (Kalant and Le 1984;Alkana et al 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ethanol on the Induction of Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA in the Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue

Yoshimoto

Yasuhara

Kômura

et al. 2004

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is increased by cold acclimation and overfeeding, and reduced in fasting and genetic obesity. It is known that the mitochondrial UCP1 in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important key molecule for non-shivering thermogenesis. On the other hand, ethanol (EtOH) alters thermoregulation in humans and laboratory animals. However, the relationship between EtOH intake and UCP1 expression is not yet clear. Accordingly, the present study employed the technique of real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the effects of EtOH (0.5 or 2.0 g/kg) on the expression of UCP1 mRNA in the mouse BAT. Control mice were injected with the same volume of physiological saline intraperitoneally (IP). IP injection of EtOH (0.5 g/kg) caused a decrease and an increase of the expression of BAT UCP1 mRNA at 1 and 4 hours, respectively. Treatment with EtOH (2.0 g/kg) caused an increases of the expression of BAT UCP1 mRNA at both 2 and 4 hours. BAT UCP1 mRNA levels in both groups increased at 4 hours after EtOH administration. The levels of UCP1 mRNA returned to the control levels by 8 hours after EtOH administration. The expression of BAT UCP1 mRNA was upregulated following EtOH administration, although a lower dose of EtOH initially reduced the expression of UCP1 mRNA in BAT. These findings suggest that EtOH-induced UCP1 mRNA expression in BAT reflects an alteration of the set point of thermogenesis. uncoupling protein; ethanol; brown adipose tissue; mouse

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Necropsy findings in fatal hypothermia cases

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Pathologic and Parasitologic Findings of Cold-Stunned Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys Kempii) Stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001–2006

Pathologic and Parasitologic Findings of Cold-Stunned Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys Kempii) Stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001–2006

Postmortem biochemical investigations in hypothermia fatalities

Effects of Ethanol on the Induction of Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA in the Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue

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