“Necklace olfactory glomeruli” form unique components of the rat primary olfactory system

Shinoda, Koh; Shiotani, Yahe; Osawa, Yoshio

doi:10.1002/cne.902840304

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An additional previously unreported observation in both species was the presence of a single-cell-thick ring of GnRH neurons around each OB. The topography of these cells bears striking resemblance to a group of olfactory glomeruli called the 'necklace' glomeruli, which surround the caudal end of the OBs (Shinoda et al, 1989). The necklace glomeruli have been implicated in detecting pheromones (Lin et al, 2004;Teicher et al, 1980), and our study shows that a significant number of GnRH neurons and fibers are still present during adulthood in the mouse OB and the AOB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains

et al. 2016

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Fertility in mammals is controlled by hypothalamic neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). These neurons differentiate in the olfactory placodes during embryogenesis and migrate from the nose to the hypothalamus before birth. Information regarding this process in humans is sparse. Here, we adapted new tissue-clearing and whole-mount immunohistochemical techniques to entire human embryos/fetuses to meticulously study this system during the first trimester of gestation in the largest series of human fetuses examined to date. Combining these cutting-edge techniques with conventional immunohistochemistry, we provide the first chronological and quantitative analysis of GnRH neuron origins, differentiation and migration, as well as a 3D atlas of their distribution in the fetal brain. We reveal not only that the number of GnRHimmunoreactive neurons in humans is significantly higher than previously thought, but that GnRH cells migrate into several extrahypothalamic brain regions in addition to the hypothalamus. Their presence in these areas raises the possibility that GnRH has non-reproductive roles, creating new avenues for research on GnRH functions in cognitive, behavioral and physiological processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains

et al. 2016

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“…This fits with the (stronger) Slit1 and (weaker) Slit3 RNA expression at its anterior border, possibly in so-called necklace glomeruli (Lipscomb et al, 2002;Shinoda et al, 1989). The actual contribution of Slit1 and Slit3 to this differential expression can not be revealed by this staining method and might require suitable antibodies (Rajagopalan et al, 2000;Simpson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Robo and Slit Expression Patternsmentioning

confidence: 61%

On the topographic targeting of basal vomeronasal axons through Slit-mediated chemorepulsion

et al. 2003

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The vomeronasal projection conveys information provided by pheromones and detected by neurones in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and thence to other regions of the brain such as the amygdala. The VNO-AOB projection is topographically organised such that axons from apical and basal parts of the VNO terminate in the anterior and posterior AOB respectively. We provide evidence that the Slit family of axon guidance molecules and their Robo receptors contribute to the topographic targeting of basal vomeronasal axons. Robo receptor expression is confined largely to basal VNO axons, while Slits are differentially expressed in the AOB with a higher concentration in the anterior part, which basal axons do not invade. Immunohistochemistry using a Robo-specific antibody reveals a zone-specific targeting of VNO axons in the AOB well before cell bodies of these neurones in the VNO acquire their final zonal position. In vitro assays show that Slit1-Slit3 chemorepel VNO axons, suggesting that basal axons are guided to the posterior AOB due to chemorepulsive activity of Slits in the anterior AOB. These data in combination with recently obtained other data suggest a model for the topographic targeting in the vomeronasal projection where ephrin-As and neuropilins guide apical VNO axons, while Robo/Slit interactions are important components in the targeting of basal VNO axons.

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“…8). Upon reaching the caudal OB, these axons course dorsally on the medial and lateral surfaces to terminate in 9-11 superficial glomeruli that are consistent in number and position with the necklace glomeruli (20,21). These ␤-gal-positive glomeruli exhibit a rough symmetry across the two OBs within animals ( Fig.…”

Section: Targeting Of Gc-d Neurons and The Necklace Glomeruli In Micementioning

confidence: 84%

Contribution of the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D to chemosensory function in the olfactory epithelium

Leinders‐Zufall

Cockerham

Michalakis

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

267

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The mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) recognizes and transduces olfactory cues through a G protein-coupled, cAMPdependent signaling cascade. Additional chemosensory transduction mechanisms have been suggested but remain controversial. We show that a subset of MOE neurons expressing the orphan receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit CNGA3 employ an excitatory cGMP-dependent transduction mechanism for chemodetection. By combining gene targeting of Gucy2d, which encodes GC-D, with patch clamp recording and confocal Ca 2؉ imaging from single dendritic knobs in situ, we find that GC-D cells recognize the peptide hormones uroguanylin and guanylin as well as natural urine stimuli. These molecules stimulate an excitatory, cGMP-dependent signaling cascade that increases intracellular Ca 2؉ and action potential firing. Responses are eliminated in both Gucy2d-and Cnga3-null mice, demonstrating the essential role of GC-D and CNGA3 in the transduction of these molecules. The sensitive and selective detection of two important natriuretic peptides by the GC-D neurons suggests the possibility that these cells contribute to the maintenance of salt and water homeostasis or the detection of cues related to hunger, satiety, or thirst.O dor recognition by canonical olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) begins when odor molecules bind to any one of many hundred G protein-coupled odorant receptors (1-4). Upon ligand binding, odorant receptors activate the G protein G␣ olf , which stimulates type III adenylyl cyclase to increase intracellular levels of cAMP (4-9). This second messenger then directly opens cAMPsensitive, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the plasma membrane, resulting in the initial depolarization of the cell (3, 4). OSNs that use this cAMP-mediated transduction cascade respond to a wide variety of odors, including food odors, volatile pheromones, and peptides that bind major histocompatibility complex proteins (4, 10-12). A recently discovered second family of G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the MOE, the trace amine-associated receptors, may also function in the recognition of some odors or pheromones by coupling to the canonical cAMP pathway (13). However, there has been intense debate as to whether the cAMP cascade is the only excitatory sensory transduction mechanism in the MOE (11,14,15).A subpopulation of ciliated MOE neurons that express the orphan receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D (16) are prime candidates to mediate cAMP-independent odor recognition. GC-D cells lack key components of the canonical OSN odor transduction cascade, including G␣ olf , type III adenylyl cyclase, the Ca 2ϩ /calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1C2, the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4A, and the cAMPsensitive CNG channel subunits CNGA2 and CNGB1b (17,18). Instead, these neurons express a cGMP-specific CNG channel subunit, CNGA3, and a cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase, PDE2 (17,18). Although these cells were identified more than a de...

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“Necklace olfactory glomeruli” form unique components of the rat primary olfactory system

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains

Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains

On the topographic targeting of basal vomeronasal axons through Slit-mediated chemorepulsion

Contribution of the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D to chemosensory function in the olfactory epithelium

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