Nearly Ballistic Electron Transport in an Out-of-Plane Nanoscale Defect-Void Channel

Srisonphan, Siwapon; Jitkajornwanich, Kulsawasd

doi:10.1109/ted.2018.2824401

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Even at low bias voltages (<0.5 V), an intense electric field of 10 5 V/cm is formed between the top electrodes due to the narrow nanogap of ∼50 nm, which is sufficient to cause the dielectric breakdown of air and lower the potential barrier of the metal–air interface, ,,, resulting in electron emission from the cathode. Furthermore, the geometrical field enhancement effect of the two-dimensional electrode with a sharp edges or surface protrusions can significantly enhance the localized electric field around the edge to 10 7 V/cm, ,,,,− which is sufficient to lower the potential barrier at the air–metal interface and initiate electron emission from the cathode edge. Figure b, top illustrates an energy band diagram of a lateral device.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogaps Mediated Field Effect-Controlled Field Emission Triode

Srisonphan

2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Nanogaps can serve as electron transport channels in field emission devices, enabling scattering-free electron transport and high-performance nanoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate a field effect-controlled field emission triode that combines fieldemission and ballistic electron transport in nanogaps. The device comprises three two-terminal nanogap structures formed by two symmetric metal-oxide-semiconductors (MOSs) that share the same n-Si substrate but are separated by a nanoscale etched trench. The device has three terminals because one nanogap is in the lateral direction between the top metal electrodes of the MOSs as Al/≈50 nm nanogap/Al and is connected to two nanogaps in the vertical direction as Al/≈100 nm nanogap/n-Si. By exploiting the benefit of a field-effect MOS capacitor in conjunction with the effects of field enhancement and a reduced potential barrier at the metal−air interface, the device exhibits a clear and well-defined triode feature with a back gate voltage controlling electron emission current in nanogaps. Due to an asymmetric cathode and anode, the vertical nanogap exhibits rectifying characteristics of an electron emission current with a transition from space-charge-limited emission at a low bias voltage (<0.5 V) to field emission (Fowler−Nordheim) current at a higher bias voltage (>0.5 V). In contrast, the lateral electron current between top metal electrodes is bidirectional with ballistic electron emission and transport that is independent of the gate field effect. The presented nanoscale vacuum triode combines two-electron emission sources, up to 10 4 A/ cm 2 from the vertical current and 10 3 A/cm 2 from the lateral current. Thus, a nanogap device may facilitate the development of a low-power, high-speed vacuum logic technology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogaps Mediated Field Effect-Controlled Field Emission Triode

Srisonphan

2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…10,18 In the electrical discharge plasma system, a highly localized E-field is crucial for the electron emissions process and, consequently, induced impact ionization. 14,16,19 Electrons with high kinetic energy can travel in the air within the length of the mean free path (~ 100 nm) 20,21 before colliding with the gas atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions, resulting in gas breakdown. Besides, electrons and ions within the gas can conduct a small current, disturbing the equilibrium and resulting in the generation of several active plasma chemical species (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Corona Discharge Plasma for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Surface Modification, Fungi Decontamination, and Shelf Life Extension

et al. 2020

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We demonstrate atmospheric corona plasma can modify rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed surface wettability and eliminate attached microorganisms at ambient temperatures, which can enhance germination and extend shelf life. High electric field strength up to 10 5 V/cm at the electrode tips is the critical factor for generating corona discharge plasma and, consequently, providing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) via electron-induced impact ionization. We show that the reactive species and ions are primarily responsible for enhanced seed surface wettability via water imbibition (WI) and apparent contact angle (ACA) measurement. A scanning electron microscope was employed to confirm that the cold corona plasma treatment can decontaminate seedborne pathogenic fungi. Sterilized seeds with better surface wettability are more likely to germinate and yield higher quality seedlings. In addition, we demonstrate the potential use of the corona plasma process for seed storage extension and quality retention through accelerated aging germination and decreased moisture content. Germination of treated seed after passing accelerated aging process is approximately 90%, similar to that of unaged and untreated seeds.

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“…A large localized electric field naturally developed around the ground object (either operators or metal rod) and on the PP web mesh surface with its roughness in the micronanoscale size. Similar to nanoscale field emission devices and corona discharge plasma in the air medium [13,27,28], the nanoscale surface roughness of the insulator surface or metal edge with a microscale radius of curvature can result in a localized electric field of up to ~100 kV/cm [27][28][29]. Thus, we can exploit the benefit of highly localized electric field-assisted electron emissions from the PP surface to the surrounding ambient air to dissipate the accumulated electrostatic charges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the energy barrier limits the electrons flowing out to the air ambient. However, when there is normalized electric field penetration, the energy barrier width becomes sufficiently lower and thin to cause an electron to escape from the emitter surface by thermionic emission, thermionic field emission, and Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling (blue dashed line) [29]. The small radius of curvature of the PP fiber and metal edge is necessary for self-induced electric field focusing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4c blue line), corresponding to an electrostatic charge reduction of ~3 times or dissipation of ~1.54 µc/m 3 . The emitted electrons will travel only ~65 nm of the mean free path of air [28,29] before scattering or colliding with the gas molecules and ionized ambient gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen, or attaching with the dust particles. Hence, we can observe spark discharge if the oppositely charged object comes too close to PP winding roll to neutralize the unbalanced electrostatic charge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Induced Localized Electric-Field-Enhanced Electrostatic Electron Emission in Polypropylene Surface-Based Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing

2020

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The roll-to-roll (RtR) Manufacturing can produce a large amount of electrostatic charges. In terms of industrial safety, a large amount of energy can be released via electrostatic discharge (ESD) that can cause severe shocks, which can be a risk to automated machines, operators, and merchandise. In this study, the ESD associated with the existing nonwoven Polypropylene (PP) manufacturing is minimized by designing and introducing a sharp-edge metal bar with a radius of curvature of ~100 µm as a passive electrostatic charge dissipation system next to the PP winding stock roll. The coulombic force from the deposited charges on PP can induce a highly localized electric field (up to ~10 6 V/cm) between the grounded metal edge and the nanoscale surface of the nonwoven PP fabric that reduces the potential barrier, causing electrostatic electron/ion emission or discharge from the insulating PP winding surface to the ambient air, especially along the metal edge. Further, the level of static charge associated with the RtR process is characterized using a noncontact electrostatic field (E-field) meter without contaminating and interrupting the production lines. Furthermore, the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used to obtain an accurate electrostatic charge distribution based on the actual size of the winding stock roll, providing a comprehensive understanding of the self-induced E-field-assisted ESD during operation. The experiment and simulation indicate that ~75% of the effective stored charge density is transferred through the air. Therefore, the induced field emission structure is cost effective for dissipating the electrostatic charges and minimizing the ESD hazards. INDEX TERMSElectrostatic discharge, Electron emission, Electric field, Polypropylene, Roll-to-roll manufacturing KHOMSAN RUANGWONG received the B.Sc. Degree in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Thailand in 2016. He previously worked in High-voltage system in Mitsubishi Electric Thai Auto-Parts Co., Ltd. and Fuji Tusco Co., Ltd during 2016 to 2018. He is currently pursuing the M.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering with the focus of high voltage and electric field applications, including corona discharge plasma, electrostatic discharge in manufacturing and insulator and dielectric phenomena in high voltage system. CHAYAPORN THAMMANIPHIT received the B.Sc. Degree in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Thailand in 2019. She is currently pursuing the M.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering. She is a Research Assistant with the Electrons and Semiconductor Laboratory. Her research interests include nonthermal plasma discharge processes and innovation plasma applications, electron and electrostatic discharges. SIWAPON SRISONPHAN. (M'13) received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from King Mongkut'

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Nearly Ballistic Electron Transport in an Out-of-Plane Nanoscale Defect-Void Channel

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Nanogaps Mediated Field Effect-Controlled Field Emission Triode

Nanogaps Mediated Field Effect-Controlled Field Emission Triode

Atmospheric Corona Discharge Plasma for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Surface Modification, Fungi Decontamination, and Shelf Life Extension

Self-Induced Localized Electric-Field-Enhanced Electrostatic Electron Emission in Polypropylene Surface-Based Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing

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