Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans: A Review

Hamaoka, Toshiyuki; Nirengi, Shinsuke; Fuse, Sayuri; Amagasa, Shiho; Kime, Ryotaro; Kuroiwa, Miyuki; Endo, Tasuki; Matsushita, M.; Saito, Masayuki; Yoneshiro, Takeshi; Kurosawa, Yuko

doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00261

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In this study, NIR TRS was used to monitor the vascular density of BAT (BAT-d), given that microvascular beds, evaluated based on the total hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), are more abundant in BAT than in white adipose tissue [ 13 ].The reliability of [total-Hb]sup compared with BAT activity/volume parameters determined using cold-induced FDG-PET/CT measurements has been confirmed in previous studies [ 13 , 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The activity of BAT can be evaluated by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) ( 18 FDG-PET/CT) in cold-stimulated environments [ 3 , 8 , 9 ]. Other non-invasive technologies used to evaluate the characteristics of BAT in humans include magnetic resonance imaging [ 10 ], skin thermal measurements [ 11 ], infrared thermography [ 12 ], near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR TRS ) [ 13 , 14 ], and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography [ 15 ]. However, each method has limitations, including high cost, ionizing radiation exposure, being time-intensive to perform, and/or requirement for acute cold exposure to stimulate BAT [ 3 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Kuroiwa

Hamaoka-Fuse

Sugimoto

et al. 2021

JCM

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This study examined the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, including branched-chain AAs, and brown adipose tissue density (BAT-d). One hundred and seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22–68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (≥74 µM) or lower (<74 µM) [total-Hb]sup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. When adjusted for the false discovery rate, [total-Hb]sup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, p = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, p = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, p = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, p = 0.020), respectively. A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for higher and lower BAT-d.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Kuroiwa

Hamaoka-Fuse

Sugimoto

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Thus, we believe that NIR TRS is a new approach for evaluating BAT-d. Nonetheless, studies on the validity of [total-Hb] sup are limited; therefore, this validity should be examined by future investigations [4]. Note that this NIR TRS methodology does not share principles with infrared thermography [52] or conventional thermography [53], which possess several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to promote nonshivering thermogenesis during cold exposure and spontaneous hyperphagia in animal models [1]. Recently, noninvasive, non-ionizing-radiation near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR TRS ) has been reported as an alternative method for measuring BAT vascular density (BAT-d), which is equivalent to the BAT activity or amount of BAT in humans [2][3][4]. Human BAT is reported to be related to body fat [5][6][7], participate in glucose homeostasis [8,9], and improve blood lipid profile [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

et al. 2020

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Capsinoids are some of the most promising ingredients to increase energy expenditure (EE) due to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of prolonged capsinoid ingestion (CI) on BAT activity and resting EE (REE) in healthy, middle-aged, normal to overweight subjects (Subhealthy) with distinct BAT characteristics. We examined the changes in BAT density (BAT-d), using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, and REE/kg induced by daily CI. Forty Subhealthy [age, 43.8 (mean) years; BMI, 25.4 kg/m2] received either capsinoid (9 mg/day) or a placebo daily for 6 weeks in a double-blind design. Total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, and REE/kg were measured. The changes in post-intervention [total-Hb]sup were greater in the capsinoid group (CA-G) than in the placebo group (PL-G) [5.8 µM (+12.4%) versus 1.0 µM (+2.1%); p = 0.017]. There was a significant relationship between BAT-d and REE/kg; however, post-supplementation REE/kg was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.228). In the overweight subgroup, changes in REE/kg were greater in the CA-G than in the PL-G [0.6 cal/kg/min (+4.3%) versus −0.3 cal/kg/min (−2.1%); p = 0.021]. CI enhanced [total-Hb]sup, a reflection of BAT-d, showing a good correlation with REE in Subhealthy.

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“…Beside the traditional imaging modalities, several new imaging techniques emerged specifically for BAT imaging, and these methods could be used for studying BAT function. Two near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques were commonly used for BAT properties monitoring: near-infrared time resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) that targets the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and near-infrared continuous wavelength spectroscopy (NIRcws) that measures the relative oxygenation changes in the tissue [110]. The NIRS methods were used for estimating the changes of human BAT metabolic characteristics, including oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and a reduced scattering coefficient under different stimulations and after thermogenic food supplementation [111][112][113][114].…”

Section: Other Imaging Modalities For Bat Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass

Yang

Zhang

Parhat

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a uniquely thermogenic tissue that plays an important role in metabolism and energy expenditure, has recently become a revived target in the fight against metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Different from white adipose tissue (WAT), the brown adipocytes have distinctive features including multilocular lipid droplets, a large number of mitochondria, and a high expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), as well as abundant capillarity. These histologic characteristics provide an opportunity to differentiate BAT from WAT using imaging modalities, such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, MRI, NIRF and Ultrasound. However, most of the reported imaging methods were BAT activation dependent, and the imaging signals could be affected by many factors, including environmental temperatures and the states of the sympathetic nervous system. Accurate BAT mass detection methods that are independent of temperature and hormone levels have the capacity to track the development and changes of BAT throughout the lifetime of mammals, and such methods could be very useful for the investigation of potential BAT-related therapies. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging modalities that can detect and quantify BAT mass. In addition, their detection mechanism and limitations will be discussed as well.

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Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 79 publications

Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass

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