Near Infrared Light Source Versus Naked Eye Visualization for Establishing Intravenous Access in Neonates: A Randomized Control Trial

Abstract

Objective: To compare efficacy of near infrared light (NIR) versus naked eye (NE) visualization for intravenous access in the neonates. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial carried out in a tertiary care center in New Delhi, India from 2015 to 2017. A total of 480 admitted neonates, who required placement of intravenous catheter were randomized to receive intravenous access attempt with NE group or using NIR source group. Primary outcome was first attempt success rate of establishing intravenous access. Secondary outcomes were to compare the time to establish intravenous access, number of pricks taken, and cost of consumables used. Results: Of 240 neonates in each group the mean birth weight of neonates in NE group and NIR group being 1665 ± 820 grams and 1600 ± 778 grams, respectively (p-value = 0.363). Mean gestational age of neonates were 31.78 ± 3.9 weeks in NE group and 31.79 ± 3.9 weeks in NIR group (p-value= 0.972). First-attempt success rate in NE group and NIR group was 122 (50.8%) and 124 (51.7%) respectively. The median(IQR) of time taken to establish intravenous access was 37.5 (13-134.7) sec and 43 (17-221.2) sec in the NE group and NIR group, respectively (pvalue = 0.307). There was no significant difference between the groups for secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Use of NIR source as compared to NE visualization, for establishment of intravenous access in neonates, does not improve first attempt success rate.