Near-field emission profiling of tropical forest and Cerrado fires in Brazil during SAMBBA 2012

Hodgson, Amy; Morgan, William T.; O’Shea, Sebastian; Bauguitte, Stéphane; Allan, J. D.; Darbyshire, Eoghan; Flynn, Michael J.; Liu, Dantong; Lee, James; Johnson, Ben; Haywood, Jim M.; Longo, Karla M.; Artaxo, Paulo; Coe, Hugh

doi:10.5194/acp-18-5619-2018

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The analysis presented here serves as the bridge between near-source fire emissions characterised by Hodgson et al (2018) and a regional-scale synthesis by Darbyshire et al (2018). Compared to previous and subsequent biomass burning seasons, 2012 was a relatively 'normal' year when compared to the past decade (Darbyshire et al, 2018), which has seen reduced deforestation compared to the historical record albeit with less significant reductions in fire count (e.g. Aragão et al,…”

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confidence: 99%

Transformation and aging of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America from aircraft in-situ measurements during SAMBBA

Morgan¹,

Allan²,

Bauguitte³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We present a range of airborne in-situ observations of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America, including a case study of a large tropical forest wildfire and a series of regional survey flights across the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado. The study forms part of the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) Project, which was conducted during September and October 2012. We find limited evidence for net increases in aerosol mass through atmospheric aging 5 combined with substantial changes in the chemical properties of organic aerosol (OA). Oxidation of the OA increases significantly and rapidly on the scale of 2.5-3 hours based on our case study analysis and is consistent with secondary organic aerosol production. The observations of limited net enhancement in OA coupled with such changes in chemical composition, imply that evaporation of OA is also occurring to balance these changes. We observe significant coatings on black carbon particles at source, but with limited changes with aging in both particle core size and coating thickness. 10 We quantify variability in the ratio of OA to carbon monoxide across our study as a key parameter representing both initial fire conditions and an indicator of net aerosol production with atmospheric aging. We observe ratios of 0.075-0.13 µg sm −3 ppbv −1 in the west of our study region over the Amazon tropical forest in air masses less influenced by precipitation and a value of 0.095 µg sm −3 ppbv −1 over the Cerrado environment in the east. Such values are consistent with emission factors used by numerical models to represent biomass burning OA emissions. Black carbon particle core sizes typically range 15 from 250-290 nm, while coating thicknesses range from 40-110 nm in air masses less influenced by precipitation. The primary driver of the variability we observe appears to be related to changes at the initial fire source. A key lesson from our study is that the complex nature of the regional aerosol and its drivers precludes aggregating our observations as a function of atmospheric aging due to the many conflating and competing factors present.1 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.scales. Our results suggest that the initial conditions of the fire are the primary driver of carbonaceous aerosol physical and chemical properties over tropical South America, aside from significant oxidation of OA during atmospheric aging. Such findings imply that uncertainties in the magnitude of the aerosol burden and its impact on weather, climate, health and natural ecosystems most likely lie in quantifying emission sources, alongside atmospheric dispersion, transport and removal rather than chemical enhancements in mass. 25

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confidence: 99%

Transformation and aging of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America from aircraft in-situ measurements during SAMBBA

Morgan¹,

Allan²,

Bauguitte³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The period of peak fire activity over the Amazon occurs during ASO (Hodgson et al, 2018;Kaiser et al, 2012;van der Werf et al, 2017), when FBA ( Figure 1a) and FRP (Figure 1c) reach over 10% and 100 mW/m 2 , respectively. In contrast, during the non-BB season (February-March-April [FMA]), there are minimal fire signals, peaking at <1% (Figure 1b) and 10 mW/m 2 (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Satellite Fire Emission Signals and Trend Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Amazon, these deforestation practices led to a 15-20% decrease in forest cover between 1976 and 2010 (Aragäo et al, 2014;Davidson et al, 2012;Hansen et al, 2013). Vegetation fires are a large source of reactive trace gases and aerosol to the Amazon atmosphere (Bela et al, 2015;Hodgson et al, 2018;Sena & Artaxo, 2015;Ward et al, 1992), especially during the dry season, with substantial impacts on the atmospheric radiation balance (Kolusu et al, 2015;Scott et al, 2018;Sena & Artaxo, 2015;Thornhill et al, 2018) and surface air quality (Artaxo et al, 2013;Johnston et al, 2012;Jacobson et al, 2014;Reddington et al, 2015;Pacifico et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropospheric ozone is an important air pollutant, which causes adverse effects on human health (Doherty et al, 2017;Jerrett et al, 2009), crops (Hollaway et al, 2012;Van Dingenen et al, 2009), and natural vegetation (Sitch et al, 2007). Deforestation fires tend to be large in scale (due to extensive aboveground biomass) with a greater amount of smoldering, while savannah fires tend to be smaller and burn at higher temperatures with more flaming combustion (Alencar et al, 2015;Hodgson et al, 2018;Longo et al, 2009). Consequently, these different fire characteristics can result in very different emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial Increases in Eastern Amazon and Cerrado Biomass Burning‐Sourced Tropospheric Ozone

Pope

Arnold

Chipperfield

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The decline in Amazonian deforestation rates and biomass burning activity (2001–2012) has been shown to reduce air pollutant emissions (e.g., aerosols) and improve regional air quality. However, in the Cerrado region (savannah grasslands in northeastern Brazil), satellite observations reveal increases in fire activity and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (an ozone precursor) during the burning season (August‐October, 2005–2016), which have partially offset these air quality benefits. Simulations from a 3‐D global chemistry transport model (CTM) capture this increase in NO2 with a surface increase of ~1 ppbv per decade. As there are limited long‐term observational tropospheric ozone records, we utilize the well‐evaluated CTM to investigate changes in ozone. Here, the CTM suggests that Cerrado region surface ozone is increasing by ~10 ppbv per decade. If left unmitigated, these positive fire‐sourced ozone trends will substantially increase the regional health risks and impacts from expected future enhancements in South American biomass burning activity under climate change.

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“…Her notable works include contributions to characterize fire emissions during the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment [134,135] and research to assess plume rise in vegetation fires [136]. Her recent works include evaluating emissions form Cerrado fires and modeling the impacts of biomass burning aerosol emissions from Amazonian fires [137,138].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing Women Leaders in Fire Science

Smith

Kolden

Prichard

et al. 2018

Fire

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Across the breadth of fire science disciplines, women are leaders in fire research and development. We want to acknowledge some of these leaders to promote diversity across our disciplines. In Fire, we are also happy to announce a new Special Collection, through which we will continue to acknowledge current and future Diversity Leaders in Fire Science by inviting contributions from the leaders in this editorial, among others.Keywords: leadership; women in science The Need to Recognize Women Leaders in Fire ScienceIn 1965, Alice Rossi asked a fundamental question: "Why so few women in science?" [1]. It has long been recognized that women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) disciplines, with a substantial dialogue in the literature as to the impacts of such underrepresentation. As representation has increased, the debate now focuses on additional questions of equity in leadership, funding, advancement, and mechanisms of support for female scientists. These questions are embedded in three foundational concepts: (1) all scientists, regardless of gender, deserve equal access to opportunities; (2) the smartest and most talented people (regardless of gender) should be conducting scientific research, such that the most critical breakthroughs and contributions are realized; and (3) to understand and solve complex fire science problems, a broad diversity of perspectives, modes of problem attack, and epistemologies are needed [2]. We also acknowledge the need to recognize other underrepresented voices in the fire science community, such as indigenous and racial minorities, individuals with disabilities, and the LGBTQIA community, who all bring different ways of doing and knowing to science.The reader may understandably ask: Why this journal? In fire science, there is a distinct and critical need to increase the recognition of women. Natural hazards research more broadly has widely recognized that women are more vulnerable to natural disasters, and female scientists in other natural hazard disciplines have brought an important perspective to the research that facilitates understanding and reducing such gender disparities. An equivalent gender dialogue does not yet exist in wildfire science but will be necessary to reduce vulnerabilities (e.g., smoke impacts on health, post-traumatic stress disorder following evacuation) and also understand the unique perspectives women have on wildfire as an ecological process. For example, women globally bear much of the childrearing duties; a key fire science question one might ask is whether acceptance of prescribed fire by communities is gendered based on perceptions of impacts to children? The reader may also question the mixed genders of the authors of this editorial. Many proponents of increased recognition of women in science have highlighted that a major part of the problem has been that not enough male allies stand up publicly for their female colleagues, in part because some are embarrassed, fearful, or even feel, and are so...

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Near-field emission profiling of tropical forest and Cerrado fires in Brazil during SAMBBA 2012

Abstract: Abstract. We profile trace gas and particulate emissions from near-field airborne measurements of discrete smoke plumes in Brazil during the 2012 biomass burning season.

Cited by 27 publications

References 96 publications

Transformation and aging of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America from aircraft in-situ measurements during SAMBBA

Transformation and aging of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America from aircraft in-situ measurements during SAMBBA

Substantial Increases in Eastern Amazon and Cerrado Biomass Burning‐Sourced Tropospheric Ozone

Recognizing Women Leaders in Fire Science

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