Near-fatal poisoning after ricin injection

Bucaretchi, Fábio; Borrasca-Fernandes, Carla Fernanda; Prado, Camila Carbone; Lanaro, Rafael; Costa, José Luiz; Petroni, Otávio M.; Giraldi, Tiago; Blotta, Maria Heloı́sa Souza Lima; Justo‐Junior, Amauri S.; Sousa, Natália Lima de; Aragão, F. J. L.; Capitani, Eduardo Mello De; Hyslop, Stephen

doi:10.1080/15563650.2020.1771358

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…All of the patients presented diarrhea a few hours after ingestion, a usual early manifestation after ricin poisoning (Table 1). Our cases are consistent with previous reports supporting that intoxication is less deadly after ingestion than injection (Bucaretchi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Human plasma ricinine quantification by LC–HRMS after micro‐solid‐phase elution

Thiebot

Maaziz

Oppon

et al. 2023

Biomedical Chromatography

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A rapid, sensitive and specific method for ricinine identification and quantification in plasma has been developed by LC-HRMS. Deuterated ricinine was used as the internal standard. From 100 μL of plasma, ricinine was extracted using micro-solid-phase elution, which allows a reduced extraction time, by eliminating the evaporation step.Eluate is directly injected into the LC-HRMS system. Chromatographic separation was performed using a reverse-phase C 18 column with a 4.5 min gradient elution.The method was validated according to European Medicines Agency guidelines. Linearity was verified between 0.25 and 500.0 ng/mL; the maximum precision calculated was 19.9% for the lower limit of quantitation and 9.6% for quality control, and accuracy was within ± 5.6% of the nominal concentrations. Selectivity, carryover, matrix effect and stability were also verified according to European Medicines Agency guidelines. The method allows the rapid and reliable identification of ricin-exposed victims in case of terrorist attacks or poisonings: three intoxication cases are reported.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Human plasma ricinine quantification by LC–HRMS after micro‐solid‐phase elution

Thiebot

Maaziz

Oppon

et al. 2023

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Так, сравнительно недавно (2020 г.) в зарубежной литературе был описан случай очень тяжелой рициновой интоксикации экстрактом бобов клещевины кустарного производства [20]. Молодой человек в возрасте 21 года (студент университета) произвел себе подкожную инъекцию экстракта бобов клещевины в область левого локтевого сгиба в объеме 3 мл, после чего сообщил своей матери о том, что умрет в течение трех суток.…”

Section: таблица 1 -полулетальные дозы (Ld 50 ) рицина и абрина при в...unclassified

“…Специфическая профилактика. Лечение абриновой и рициновой интоксикации в настоящее время преимущественно патогенетическое и проводится в соответствии с представлениями о механизме поражения данными токсинами и развившимися синдромами: купирование острой почечной недостаточности, острой печеночной недостаточности, детоксикационная терапия, коррекция гемостаза, коррекция нарушений ритма и проводимости, некрэктомия (при подкожном и внутривенном введении) [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: рисунок 6 -химическая структура рицинина (а) и áбрина (б) [31]unclassified

Ricin and Abrin as Possible Agents of Bioterror

Pechenkin,

Gorshkov,

Sablina

et al. 2022

jour

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Plant toxins – ricin and abrin, obtained in a purified form from the beans of the castor bean and Abrus precatorius respectively, are considered by Western experts as potential damaging agents of a biological nature. The purpose of this work is to consider the danger of using ricin and abrin as agents of biological terrorism, as well as to assess the existing approaches and means for identifying these toxins, treating the intoxication caused by them, as well as the level of development of vaccine preparations. Both toxins have a similar molecular structure and mechanism of action. They consist of two subunits – A and B, resistant to high temperatures and extreme pH values. The mechanism of their damaging action is based on irreversible inhibition of the process of protein synthesis. The LD50 of ricin for humans, according to various sources, is 3 µg/kg for inhalation and intravenous intake, 22–25 µg/kg for enteral intake, and about 500 µg/kg for subcutaneous intake. Abrin is more toxic than ricin, with an LD50 for humans ranging from 0.1 µg/kg to 1 µg/kg depending on the route of entry. In case of enteral poisoning with ricin and abrin, the victims develop symptoms of gastroenteritis within a few hours: nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdominal cavity and chest, diarrhea. Bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract may be present. In future, general intoxication symptoms (headache, weakness, fever) and symptoms of multiple organ damage (acute renal failure and acute liver failure) develop. In the terminal stage, symptoms of vascular shock and vascular collapse are expressed. Death usually occurs on the third day or later. Cases of the use of ricin and abrin for criminal and terrorist purposes are described in the article. The main approaches and modern means of indication, means of treating ricin and abrine intoxication, as well as the state of development of vaccine preparations are shown. The given data show that the danger of these toxins as damaging agents is underestimated in Russia. It is necessary to develop diagnostic test systems that allow early detection of intoxication with plant toxins in the affected and the toxins themselves on environmental objects, as well as specific means for the treatment and prevention of acute poisoning with ricin and abrin.

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