NCGS like IBS ‘type’ symptoms is a diagnosis of exclusion

Ahmed, Hanan; Hallam, Rachel; Webster, Grace; Rej, Anupam; Croall, Iain D.; Coleman, Sarah H.; Key, Tim; Buckle, Rachel Louise; Shaw, Christian Charles; Goodwin, JG; Aziz, Imran; Sanders, David S.

doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00737-x

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“…Among exclusion diagnosis (gastrointestinal disorders) there are functional dyspepsia[ 53 ], non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)[ 54 , 55 ] and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[ 55 ]. Both NCGS and IBS are more prevalent in young women compared to men[ 55 ], and up to 90% of patients with IBS exclude certain foods to improve their gastrointestinal symptoms[ 56 ]. Besides, negative effects of prescribing restrictive diets can be observed due to the association between ED and gastrointestinal symptoms[ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlap of orthorexia, eating attitude and psychological distress in some Italian and Spanish university students

Aiello¹,

Toti²,

Villaño³

et al. 2022

World J Psychiatry

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BACKGROUND Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is the persistent concern of maintaining the self-imposed diet to improve one's health. Many factors have been associated to ON in univ-ersity students. AIM To assess the prevalence of ON in Italian and Spanish university students in relation to eating attitude and psychological distress, and the possible overlaps between ON (evaluated with different scored questionnaires from the originally proposed ORTO-15), distress and risk of eating disorders. METHODS This study was carried out on 160 students recruited at La Sapienza University of Rome and at the Catholic University of Murcia. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate ON (ORTO-15 and sub-scores), body concerns (Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSRQ, and Body Uneasiness test, BUT), psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), eating attitude (Eating Attitudes Test, EAT-26) and malnutrition (Starvation Symptom Inventory, SSI). Sex differences, within the same country, and differences between Italian and Spanish students, within the same sex, were evaluated. RESULTS The ORTO-15 positive subjects, assessed with the originally proposed cut-off, were above 70% in both Italian and Spanish students, with a higher prevalence in the Spanish sample (Italian females 76.3%, Italian males 70.7%; Spanish females 97.0%, Spanish males 96.3%). According to ORTO-7, about 30% of Italian and 48% of Spanish students were positive to ON with no significant sex differences. When excluding students underweight (UW), overweight (OW) or obese (OB), as well as those potentially at risk of eating disorders or presenting mild, moderate and severe distress, in the resultant normal weight (NW)-K10 neg -EAT-26 neg subgroup, we did not find many correlations observed in the whole sample, including those between ORTO scores and BUT, SSI, Total MBSRQ and some of its components. Moreover, ORTO-7 resulted in the only ON score unrelated with Body Mass Index, MBSRQ components and IPAQ-assessed intense activity, in the NW-K10 neg -EAT-26 neg subgroup. After this sort of “exclusion diagnosis”, the prevalence of ON of these students on the overall sample resulted in 16.9%, 12.2%, 15.2% and 25.9% for Italian females, Italian males, Spanish females and Spanish males, respectively. CONCLUSION In some university students ON could be a symptom of other conditions related to body image concerns and distress, as well as to high physical activity and appearance, fitness, health or illness orientation (from MBSRQ). However, ORTO-7 became independent from these confounding variables, after the exclusion of UW, OW, OB and students positive to EAT-26 and K10, suggesting the possibility of identifying orthorexic subjects wit...

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