Nb4C3Tx (MXene) as a new stable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Tan, Yuanbo; Zhu, Zhenye; Zhang, Xueting; Zhang, Jiaheng; Zhou, Yinghao; Li, Hui; Huang, Qin; Bo, Yiyang; Pan, Zuchen

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.046

Cited by 89 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…181 Studies show that as an electrocatalyst, MXenes can maintain their stability in both acidic and alkaline media without any significant chemical reaction or material degradation. 76,182,183 3.2.6 | Thermal stability Generally, MXenes are thermally stable up to 800 C. According to Wang et al, Ti 3 C 2 MXene nanosheets are stable up to 1200 C under an Ar atmosphere, with the formation of only a small amount of a TiC x O 1-x (0 < x < 1) solid solution. 184 A study by Li et al shows that the change in the weight of MXenes is separated into three stages: the first stage is 0.38% weight loss from room temperature to 200 C, followed by 4.48% and 2.47% weight losses from 200 C to 800 C and 800 C to 1000 C for the second and third stages, respectively.…”

Section: Chemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of MXenes as catalyst supports for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

et al. 2021

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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs in the cathode of fuel cells is a major issue in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their sluggish kinetics. Exploring suitable materials for use as cathode catalysts can be challenging because the materials should be chemically active yet must be stable in an extremely corrosive environment in fuel cells. Since the successful introduction of graphene, 2-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive research interest regarding their use as support materials for cathode catalysts due to their large surface area for catalyst dispersion. Recently, research on 2D MXene-based catalyst supports has started to increase. Excellent electronic properties, electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity and chemical and thermal stability are the key properties of potential MXenes used as catalyst supports. Therefore, in this review, the properties and performance of 2D MXene-based catalyst supports in the ORR are comprehensively discussed. This finding provides the groundwork for the exploration of MXenes in electrocatalysis, especially in the ORR. Challenges and future research directions are also discussed in this review.

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Section: Chemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of MXenes as catalyst supports for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

et al. 2021

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“…[58,[60][61]68] The reduction of oxidized species is associated with improved activity during HER. [30] For instance, a significant improvement in HER activity (the overpotential @10 mA cm À 2 decreases by 200 mV) was observed for V 4 C 3 T x due to the removal of a high valence of oxide species after durability test (beneficial evolution in Figure 8(c)). Conversely, studies [66][67] demonstrated that the surface of nitrogen-doped Ti 3 C 2 T x could be converted into oxide or hydroxide during HER coupled with a slight decrease in HER activity (Figure 8(d)).…”

Section: Structural Evolution And/ Degradation Of Mxenes Under Her Co...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the reduction of the high valence oxidized species (e. g. Mo 5+ / 6+ , Figure 8(b)) was identified by XPS [58,60–61,68] . The reduction of oxidized species is associated with improved activity during HER [30] . For instance, a significant improvement in HER activity (the overpotential @10 mA cm −2 decreases by ∼ 200 mV) was observed for V 4 C 3 T x due to the removal of a high valence of oxide species after durability test (beneficial evolution in Figure 8(c)).…”

Section: Corrosion Of 2d Mxenes During Storage and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noticed that the structural evolution of MXenes also occurs during HER, characterized by a severe performance change (beneficial or harmful) or weak influence during operation [29] . In one study, [30] the intensity of the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) peak assigned to oxidized species (Nb 2 O 5 ) was diminished during HER due to the direct reduction of Nb 2 O 5 ; the removal of Nb 2 O 5 was found to be beneficial and accelerated the HER catalytical rate. On the other hand, an increment of Mo 5+/6+ content was identified for Mo 2 CT z and Mo 1.33 CT z during HER in another study, [31] indicating the oxidation of MXenes (associated with a decrease in activity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights on the Corrosion and Degradation of MXenes as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Liang

Liu

2022

ChemCatChem

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MXenes, known as the graphene-like two-dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, or nitrides, have been considered as promising electrocatalysts to replace benchmark Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite the success in fabricating MXenes, their application in catalysis still faces great challenges. One critical drawback is the rapid corrosion and structural evolution of MXenes during storage and HER. In this work, the corrosion and structural evolution of various MXenes in air, aqueous colloidal solutions, and under HER conditions are reviewed. The degradation/structural mechanism of MXenes and effects of structural evolution on the HER activity are in dispute. Preliminary protocols are proposed for future MXene storage and design for HER application. This review provides valuable information to better prevent corrosion of MXenes before and after servicing as HER catalysts, and to interpret the obtained HER performance for MXenes in the view of corrosion/ structural evolution.

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“…[27,28] To our knowledge, it is still a blank to use the MAX as a substrate for high-efficiency HER catalysts. The HER activity of pure MXene such as Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ti 2 CT x , V 4 C 3 T x , and Nb 4 C 3 T x derived from Ti, V, and Nb-series MAX is not so satisfactory, [14,[29][30][31][32] so we focus on the Mo-series MAX as research prototype. Although Mo 2 CT x MXene of high charge transfer kinetics has been regarded as an active catalyst for the HER, the bottleneck of its application is the high price of the etched precursor, Mo 2 Ga 2 C. [31,33] Another ordered bitransition metal Mo 2 T-iC 2 T x MXene originated from relatively cheap layered ternary carbide Mo 2 TiAlC 2 MAX exhibited similar catalytic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Electrosynthesis of MAX‐Derived Electrocatalysts for Superior Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Sheng

Bin

Yang

et al. 2022

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more mature precious metal catalysts such as Pt. However, the high cost, limited earth reserves, and easy aggregation property promote the optimization of precious metal usage and the development of non-precious metal catalysts. [4] Therefore, the coupling mechanism of the conductive matrix and the Pt nanoparticles can greatly stabilize the catalytic activity and reduce the production cost at the same time. [5] 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) of high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, large specific surface area, and adjustable surface characteristics have shown great potential in the field of electrocatalysis. [6] MXenes specifically refer to a type of material with M n + 1 X n T x element composition (M, transition metal element, X, C, or N atom, and T, surface functional group, and n = 1-4, atomic layer number). [7] Recently, Cui et al. proposed a method to take advantage of the hydrophilicity and reducibility of MXenes to immobilize highly active nano/atomic metal Pt on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sheets, while adding single-walled carbon nanotubes as a binder. The prepared hierarchical HER catalyst (in the form of a membrane) showed high stability during 800 h operation. [8] And a strategy for electrochemical in situ synthesis of Mo 2 TiC 2 T x MXenes supported single platinum atoms was proposed. The vacancy introduced by electrochemical exfoliation of MXenes became the active site anchored by Pt, enhancing the activity of HER. [9] Besides, low Pt dose supported on multilevel hollow MXenes catalyst, Pt 3 Ti nanoparticles formed in situ based on Ti from the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x , and PtNi ultrathin nanowires with MXenes provided an actual MXenes coupling concept with Pt, enabling the development of high performance and stability of HER catalysts. [4,10,11] According to current literature reports, various surface groups and intrinsic defects of MXene have remarkable effects on the anchoring and dispersion of Pt atoms/cluster. [12] At present, the most extensive preparation method is to etch the A layer atoms in the MAX phase (A represents the elements of 13 or 14 groups in periodic table) by HF or LiF + HCl. Theoretical predictions have confirmed some pure MXenes are promising HER catalysts based on the premise that surface functional groups are O or OH groups. [13] Nevertheless, the experimental results showed poor catalytic activity of pure MXenes, generally due to the wet chemical etching of the precursor MAX phase to prepare MXenes, which introduced MAX phases are frequently dominated as precursors for the preparation of the star material MXene, but less eye-dazzling by their own potential applications. In this work, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of MAX phase is investigated. The MAX-derived electrocatalysts are prepared by a two-step in situ electrosynthesis process, an electrochemical etching step followed by an electrochemical deposition step. First, a Mo 2 TiAlC 2 MAX phase is electrochemically etched in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Just several hours...

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Nb4C3Tx (MXene) as a new stable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Cited by 89 publications

References 49 publications

A comprehensive review of MXenes as catalyst supports for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

A comprehensive review of MXenes as catalyst supports for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

Insights on the Corrosion and Degradation of MXenes as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

In Situ Electrosynthesis of MAX‐Derived Electrocatalysts for Superior Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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