Nature of Aqueous Floaters Due to Sympathomimetic Mydriatics

The Cyclopentolate Provocative Test in Suspected or Untreated Open‐angle Glaucoma

“…I n the present material, a statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the grade of chamber-angle pigmenta-tion and pigment liberation (Table IV). The same observation without statistical analysis was reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961). A statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was established also between the grade of chamber-angle pigmentation and the cyclopentolate response (Table V).…”

“…Pigment was liberated in the aqueous during CPT in 31.90/0 (Table 11). This is a higher frequency than the figure reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961) for persons healthy in regard to glaucoma, but distinctly lower than the frequency obtained in other earlier studies using sympathomimetics (Kristensen 1965(Kristensen , 1968Haddad et al 1970) or sympathomimetics and parasympatholytics as the mydriatic agent (Krause et al 1973). Mitsui & Takagi (1961) reported considerably less frequent and less profuse liberation of pigment with parasympatholytics than with 5 o/o phenylephrine.…”

“…They reflected a manifest causal relationship between the heavy liberation of pigment in the aqueous and the elevation of IOP. It is probable that very profusely liberated pigment may cause transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, inhibition or obstruction of aqueous outflow and transient elevation of IOP, as has been reported in some earlier studies (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Kristensen 1965Kristensen , 1968Aggarwal & Beveridge 1971). Experiments in vivo and in vitro with pigment suspension support this view (Petersen 1969).…”

The Cyclopentolate Provocative Test in Suspected or Untreated Open‐angle Glaucoma

“…I n the present material, a statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the grade of chamber-angle pigmenta-tion and pigment liberation (Table IV). The same observation without statistical analysis was reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961). A statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was established also between the grade of chamber-angle pigmentation and the cyclopentolate response (Table V).…”

“…Pigment was liberated in the aqueous during CPT in 31.90/0 (Table 11). This is a higher frequency than the figure reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961) for persons healthy in regard to glaucoma, but distinctly lower than the frequency obtained in other earlier studies using sympathomimetics (Kristensen 1965(Kristensen , 1968Haddad et al 1970) or sympathomimetics and parasympatholytics as the mydriatic agent (Krause et al 1973). Mitsui & Takagi (1961) reported considerably less frequent and less profuse liberation of pigment with parasympatholytics than with 5 o/o phenylephrine.…”

“…They reflected a manifest causal relationship between the heavy liberation of pigment in the aqueous and the elevation of IOP. It is probable that very profusely liberated pigment may cause transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, inhibition or obstruction of aqueous outflow and transient elevation of IOP, as has been reported in some earlier studies (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Kristensen 1965Kristensen , 1968Aggarwal & Beveridge 1971). Experiments in vivo and in vitro with pigment suspension support this view (Petersen 1969).…”

Pseudoexfoliation of the Lens Capsule and Liberation of Iris Pigment

“…It is known that the iris liberates pigment more frequently, the older the subjects are (Mitsui & Takagi 1961, Kristensen 1965. According to the present results, the grade of pigment liberation seems to reach its peak between 60 and 79 years of age, after which the number of pigmented floaters would seem to decrease.…”

The amount of lens exfoliation and chamber‐angle pigmentation in exfoliation syndrome with or without glaucoma

“…Phenylephrine hydrochloride has been used by several authors in pigment liberation tests (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Krause et al 1973;Epstein et al 1978;Mapstone 1981) because, as an alpha-adrenergic stimulator, it acts on dilator muscles, and liberates more pigment than mydriatics affecting the sphincter (Jaanus et al 1989). Though liberated pigment has been shown to block outflow and raise IOP, phenylephrine has been noticed mainly to leave the IOP unchanged or to decrease it in normal or primary openangle glaucomatous eyes.…”

The Cyclopentolate Provocative Test in Suspected or Untreated Open‐angle Glaucoma

“…I n the present material, a statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the grade of chamber-angle pigmenta-tion and pigment liberation (Table IV). The same observation without statistical analysis was reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961). A statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was established also between the grade of chamber-angle pigmentation and the cyclopentolate response (Table V).…”

“…Pigment was liberated in the aqueous during CPT in 31.90/0 (Table 11). This is a higher frequency than the figure reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961) for persons healthy in regard to glaucoma, but distinctly lower than the frequency obtained in other earlier studies using sympathomimetics (Kristensen 1965(Kristensen , 1968Haddad et al 1970) or sympathomimetics and parasympatholytics as the mydriatic agent (Krause et al 1973). Mitsui & Takagi (1961) reported considerably less frequent and less profuse liberation of pigment with parasympatholytics than with 5 o/o phenylephrine.…”

“…They reflected a manifest causal relationship between the heavy liberation of pigment in the aqueous and the elevation of IOP. It is probable that very profusely liberated pigment may cause transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, inhibition or obstruction of aqueous outflow and transient elevation of IOP, as has been reported in some earlier studies (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Kristensen 1965Kristensen , 1968Aggarwal & Beveridge 1971). Experiments in vivo and in vitro with pigment suspension support this view (Petersen 1969).…”

Pseudoexfoliation of the Lens Capsule and Liberation of Iris Pigment

“…It is known that the iris liberates pigment more frequently, the older the subjects are (Mitsui & Takagi 1961, Kristensen 1965. According to the present results, the grade of pigment liberation seems to reach its peak between 60 and 79 years of age, after which the number of pigmented floaters would seem to decrease.…”

The amount of lens exfoliation and chamber‐angle pigmentation in exfoliation syndrome with or without glaucoma

“…Phenylephrine hydrochloride has been used by several authors in pigment liberation tests (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Krause et al 1973;Epstein et al 1978;Mapstone 1981) because, as an alpha-adrenergic stimulator, it acts on dilator muscles, and liberates more pigment than mydriatics affecting the sphincter (Jaanus et al 1989). Though liberated pigment has been shown to block outflow and raise IOP, phenylephrine has been noticed mainly to leave the IOP unchanged or to decrease it in normal or primary openangle glaucomatous eyes.…”

The Cyclopentolate Provocative Test in Suspected or Untreated Open‐angle Glaucoma

“…I n the present material, a statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the grade of chamber-angle pigmenta-tion and pigment liberation (Table IV). The same observation without statistical analysis was reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961). A statistically highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was established also between the grade of chamber-angle pigmentation and the cyclopentolate response (Table V).…”

“…Pigment was liberated in the aqueous during CPT in 31.90/0 (Table 11). This is a higher frequency than the figure reported by Mitsui & Takagi (1961) for persons healthy in regard to glaucoma, but distinctly lower than the frequency obtained in other earlier studies using sympathomimetics (Kristensen 1965(Kristensen , 1968Haddad et al 1970) or sympathomimetics and parasympatholytics as the mydriatic agent (Krause et al 1973). Mitsui & Takagi (1961) reported considerably less frequent and less profuse liberation of pigment with parasympatholytics than with 5 o/o phenylephrine.…”

“…They reflected a manifest causal relationship between the heavy liberation of pigment in the aqueous and the elevation of IOP. It is probable that very profusely liberated pigment may cause transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, inhibition or obstruction of aqueous outflow and transient elevation of IOP, as has been reported in some earlier studies (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Kristensen 1965Kristensen , 1968Aggarwal & Beveridge 1971). Experiments in vivo and in vitro with pigment suspension support this view (Petersen 1969).…”

Pseudoexfoliation of the Lens Capsule and Liberation of Iris Pigment

“…It is known that the iris liberates pigment more frequently, the older the subjects are (Mitsui & Takagi 1961, Kristensen 1965. According to the present results, the grade of pigment liberation seems to reach its peak between 60 and 79 years of age, after which the number of pigmented floaters would seem to decrease.…”

The amount of lens exfoliation and chamber‐angle pigmentation in exfoliation syndrome with or without glaucoma

“…Phenylephrine hydrochloride has been used by several authors in pigment liberation tests (Mitsui & Takagi 1961;Krause et al 1973;Epstein et al 1978;Mapstone 1981) because, as an alpha-adrenergic stimulator, it acts on dilator muscles, and liberates more pigment than mydriatics affecting the sphincter (Jaanus et al 1989). Though liberated pigment has been shown to block outflow and raise IOP, phenylephrine has been noticed mainly to leave the IOP unchanged or to decrease it in normal or primary openangle glaucomatous eyes.…”