Natural transmission of Leishmania infantum through experimentally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of Leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain

Martín-Martín, Inés; Jiménez, Maribel; González, Estela; Eguiluz, César; Molina, Ricardo

doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0281-1

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The significant influence of the inoculation route on disease outcome was also observed in the hamster model: Disease progressions were slower, when L. braziliensis, L. mexicana, L. donovani or L. infantum infections were initiated by a sand fly bite or intradermal inoculation. Infections initiated with intracardiac or subcutaneous inoculation showed unnatural rapid visceralisation without the formation of skin lesions [33,35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Asian Rodents as Model Animals for Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani Research

et al. 2020

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The clinical manifestation of leishmaniases depends on parasite species, host genetic background, and immune response. Manifestations of human leishmaniases are highly variable, ranging from self-healing skin lesions to fatal visceral disease. The scope of standard model hosts is insufficient to mimic well the wide disease spectrum, which compels the introduction of new model animals for leishmaniasis research. In this article, we study the susceptibility of three Asian rodent species (Cricetulus griseus, Lagurus lagurus, and Phodopus sungorus) to Leishmania major and L. donovani. The external manifestation of the disease, distribution, as well as load of parasites and infectiousness to natural sand fly vectors, were compared with standard models, BALB/c mice and Mesocricetus auratus. No significant differences were found in disease outcomes in animals inoculated with sand fly- or culture-derived parasites. All Asian rodent species were highly susceptible to L. major. Phodopus sungorus showed the non-healing phenotype with the progressive growth of ulcerative lesions and massive parasite loads. Lagurus lagurus and C. griseus represented the healing phenotype, the latter with high infectiousness to vectors, mimicking best the character of natural reservoir hosts. Both, L. lagurus and C. griseus were also highly susceptible to L. donovani, having wider parasite distribution and higher parasite loads and infectiousness than standard model animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Asian Rodents as Model Animals for Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani Research

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, the presence of ongoing co-infections with pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis or Filarias or previous infections appear to be associated with more clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities and disease severity (Mekuzas et al 2009; Cortese et al 2011; Tabar et al 2013). Other factors that might determine the outcome of infection includes the virulence of L. infantum parasites (Martin-Martin et al 2015), inoculum of parasites, sand-fly transmission or other routes of transmission. For example, sand fly salivary proteins can induce a strong cellular immune response in dogs (Collin et al 2009).…”

Section: Immune Variation As a Risk Factor Associated With Canlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on adaptive and innate immunity in canine leishmaniosis

2016

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SUMMARYCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum and is a systemic disease, which can present with variable clinical signs, and clinicopathological abnormalities. Clinical manifestations can range from subclinical infection to very severe systemic disease. Leishmaniosis is categorized as a neglected tropical disease and the complex immune responses associated with Leishmania species makes therapeutic treatments and vaccine development challenging for both dogs and humans. In this review, we summarize innate and adaptive immune responses associated with L. infantum infection in dogs, and we discuss the problems associated with the disease as well as potential solutions and the future direction of required research to help control the parasite.

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“…In Morocco, ZVL was initially confined to the northern province of Taounate but has since spread to other territories [ 10 , 41 , 42 ]. P. ariasi , P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis are vectors of L. infantum [ 40 , 43 ]. P. ariasi and P. perniciosus have preference for sub-humid to humid bioclimates.…”

Section: What Can We Learn From the Past Moroccan Situation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and Re-Emerging Leishmaniases in the Mediterranean Area: What Can Be Learned from a Retrospective Review Analysis of the Situation in Morocco during 1990 to 2010?

et al. 2020

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In Morocco, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases represent a public health concern. In this opinion paper, we propose to highlight chosen elements that have governed the drastic increase in the incidence of leishmaniases recorded in Morocco during the period between 1990 to 2010 in order to guide the prediction of the expansion of diseases and epidemic events. We highlight that the dispersion of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) form, caused by the Leishmania major parasite, appears to be closely related to that of its arthropod vector density, which is sensitive to changes in climate. The dissemination of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) was related to an increase in human travel and local tourism during the studied decades. These are linked to economic expansion and infrastructure development. Interestingly, the main ACL foci are spatially aligned with the highways, and their occurrence was synchronized with the building of transportation infrastructure. During the above-mentioned decades, the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum has expanded from its historical northern territories, dispersing outwards in all directions. This spread follows the emergence of hamlets and villages connecting with major cities.

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Natural transmission of Leishmania infantum through experimentally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of Leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Central Asian Rodents as Model Animals for Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani Research

Central Asian Rodents as Model Animals for Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani Research

Insights on adaptive and innate immunity in canine leishmaniosis

Emerging and Re-Emerging Leishmaniases in the Mediterranean Area: What Can Be Learned from a Retrospective Review Analysis of the Situation in Morocco during 1990 to 2010?

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