Natural radioactivity of spring water used as spas in Spain

Calatayud, Carmen Ródenas; Gómez, J.; Soto, Jesús; Maraver, Francisco

doi:10.1007/s10967-007-7158-3

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This matter shows that no correlation has been found between the concentrations of 222 Rn and 226 Ra. The disequilibrium observed between these two radionuclides has already seen in underground waters (Rodenas et al 2008). Our previous study (Yarar et al 2014) focused on indoor radon levels of houses and spas in this area.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Analyses On Geothermal Watersmentioning

confidence: 93%

222Ra and 226Ra in geothermal waters of Bayındır-Izmir (Turkey)

et al. 2015

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The radioactivity levels ( 222 Rn and 226 Ra) and physico-chemical properties of geothermal waters from two spas of Bayındır are investigated. Radon and radium measurements were made with collector chamber method. The radon concentrations range from 3.0 to 13.3 Bq/l, whereas the radium varies from 0.35 to 1.71 Bq/l. It has been observed that radon levels increase in winter and decrease in summer. The 222 Rn/ 226 Ra ratio was found to range from 4.91 to 30.53. Physico-chemical properties of water samples were also analysed. Water samples have considerably stable total dissolved solids values, slight acidity, low electrical conductivity, and temperature (42-48°C).

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Section: Physico-chemical Analyses On Geothermal Watersmentioning

confidence: 93%

222Ra and 226Ra in geothermal waters of Bayındır-Izmir (Turkey)

et al. 2015

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“…Significant differences in the concentrations of radon in indoor air have been found depending on the geological characteristics of the reference area. The highest levels are usually found in granites (Ródenas et al, 2008) but concentrations vary considerably between each lithology. The geological structure of northern Tunisia (the area where the mentioned spas are situated) consists mainly of sedimentary formations where calcareous rocks are predominant.…”

Section: Ra Content and Radon Concentration Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high radon concentrations in spas are a source of risk mainly for staff and, to a lesser extent, for the patients (Ródenas et al, 2008). The practice of using springs for medical purposes has increased considerably and new modernized buildings have appeared, linked to the utilization of several water springs that have been used up to the present time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor radon in Tunisian spas

Labidi¹,

Al-Azmi

Salah

2012

Radioprotection

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Indoor radon concentrations were measured in four well-known spas of Tunisia using nuclear track detectors. The radon concentrations in these spas were found to be in the range of 19 − 870 Bq.m -3 . The equilibrium factor F between radon and its progeny was found to vary in the range of 0.2 -0.5, depending upon the ventilation rates within the buildings of the spas. Using the exposure-dose conversion factor, the effective doses to patients and workers were estimated and the dose was found to vary in the range 3.7 × 10 -3 − 12.5 × 10 -3 mSv.y -1 and 0.45 − 1.5 mSv.y -1 for patients and workers, respectively. These values are well inside the limit recommended for the annual dose limit of 20 mSv.y -1 for an occupational worker. The radium content in the groundwater of all four spas was measured and the results showed no correlation between the 226 Ra concentration in water and radon concentration in indoor air of the investigated spas.

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“…Several studies have been carried out in different countries: Algeria (Ziane et al, 2014), Austria (Bossew et al, 2007), Brazil (Alberigi et al, 2011), China (Song et al, 2011), Croatia (Radolić et al, 2005), Greece (Nikolopoulos et al, 2010), Hungary (Hámori et al, 2006), Serbia (Nikolov et al, 2012), Spain (Ródenas et al, 2008), Poland (Walczac et al, 2016 and Turkey (Tarim et al, 2012) to measure the radon concentration in indoor air and in natural mineral water of thermal spas in order to estimate the doses of natural radiation received by the workers. In the majority of these studies and due to several reasons, radon concentration can reach worrying levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor radon levels and total gamma dose rates measurements in Portuguese thermal spas

Silva

Dinis

2017

IJOOES

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In this study, an assessment of indoor radon concentration and gamma dose rates were carried out in 16 Portuguese thermal spas. Indoor gamma dose rates measurements were made using a Geiger counter (Gamma Scout -GS3) and radon concentration measurements were carried out using CR-39 detectors. The detectors were exposed for an extended period of time (in average 42 days). The results showed that gamma doses rates are generally low but, in several cases, radon concentration exceeded national as well as international standards, namely the reference level recommended by the Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (300 Bq/m3) and the threshold for protection (400 Bq/m3) from the Portuguese legislation. The annual effective doses deriving from external radiation (gamma dose rates) and indoor radon concentration showed the need to implement measures to optimize the radiation protection of the workers against ionizing radiation.

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Natural radioactivity of spring water used as spas in Spain

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

222Ra and 226Ra in geothermal waters of Bayındır-Izmir (Turkey)

222Ra and 226Ra in geothermal waters of Bayındır-Izmir (Turkey)

Indoor radon in Tunisian spas

Indoor radon levels and total gamma dose rates measurements in Portuguese thermal spas

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