Natural Radioactivity and dose Assessment in Sand and Sediment Samples from Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh

Abstract

. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose varied between 0.22 and 1.79 mSv/year with a mean value of 0.55 mSv/year, which is higher than the world average for outdoor annual effective dose (0.07 mSv/year). The external hazard indices for the samples varied from 0.17 to 1.43 with the average value of 0.44, which is less than the unity. The average value of radium equivalent activity was estimated and found to be 161.40 BqKg -1 which is less than the acceptable limit of world average value of 370 BqKg -1 .

Radiometric survey of sediments and health risk assessments from the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria

“…The obtained means concentrations of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th in the study area exceeded both the values of the control and world standard limit of 400 Bqkg −1 , 35 Bqkg −1 and 30 Bqkg −1 respectively [ 38 ]. Similarly, the concentrations of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th in the present study was found higher than those reported elsewhere around the world [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [22] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [37] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ] but compared favorably with results reported by Refs. [ 43 , 44 ].…”

“…where H Ra , H Th and H K are the activity concentrations of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th, respectively in Bqkg −1 [ [6] , [15] , [37] , [46] , [47] ].…”

“…2 ).The sampled sediments were put in an oven at a temperature of 110 °C–120 °C eliminate moisture, and decrease the sample weight [ 24 ]. After drying all they samples were pulverized into fine grains and thoroughly mixed to obtain a homogeneous sample and sieved using 200 μm mesh size to remove macro-materials, pebbles, stones, wood and all unwanted materials [ [6] , [37] ]. The sieved, smooth, and dried sediments were accumulated into plastic cylindrical boxes and sealed for four (4) weeks to enable secular equilibrium to take place.…”

A review of naturally occurring radioactive elements in coastal regions of Bangladesh

“…A study by Ahmed et al (2016) investigated the levels of natural radioactivity in sand and soil samples collected from Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh. The samples were analyzed for radionuclides using a gamma spectrometry system equipped with a p-type coaxial HPGe detector.…”