Natural Products for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanism, Progress, and Future Opportunities

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease due to the remodeling of pulmonary vessels. Its pathophysiological characteristics include increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and death. The pathological mechanism of PH is complex and includes inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction/diastolic imbalance, genetic factors, and ion channel abnormalities. Currently, many clinical drugs for the treatment of PH mainly play their role by relaxing pulmonary arteries, and the treatment effect is limited. Recent studies have shown that various natural products have unique therapeutic advantages for PH with complex pathological mechanisms owing to their multitarget characteristics and low toxicity. This review summarizes the main natural products and their pharmacological mechanisms in PH treatment to provide a useful reference for future research and development of new anti-PH drugs and their mechanisms.

Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Based on Analysis Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

“…PAH is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by several hallmark features, such as inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, and the deposition of extravascular collagen [2][3][4]. The microenvironment composition plays a crucial role in the development of PAH, involving various factors such as enzymes, transcription factors, proteins, chemokines, cytokines, hypoxia, and oxidative stress [5,6].…”