Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis

Abstract

Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health crisis. Obesity and its associated health complications such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases impose a big social and economic burden. In an effort to identify safe, efficient, and long-term effective methods to treat obesity, various natural products with potential for inhibiting adipogenesis were revealed. This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. We discuss key steps (proliferation and cell cycle) and their regulators (cell-cycle regulator, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling pathways) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation as the mechanisms responsible for obesity.

A Potential Nutraceutical Candidate Lactucin Inhibits Adipogenesis through Downregulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Mitotic Clonal Expansion

“…Normally, when preadipocytes are exposed to adipogenic inducers, adipocyte differentiation occurs [42]. Confluent preadipocytes initiate MCE by adipogenic signals and re-enter cell cycle progression followed by growth arrest [43]. The cells then become spherical, accumulate lipid droplets, and develop into fully differentiated cells [44].…”

Potentilla rugulosa Nakai Extract Attenuates Bisphenol A-, S- and F-Induced ROS Production and Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes in the Absence of Dexamethasone

“…In general, obesity is known to be caused by the accumulation of fat tissues owing to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of newly produced adipocytes through adipogenesis [45]. Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is involved in growth arrest, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), and terminal differentiation, and coordinated by transcription factor [46]. Moreover, the activity of key adipogenic transcription factors is regulated by endocrine hormones such as the growth and thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, estrogen, and androgen [47].…”

Anti-adipogenic effects of viscothionin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet induced obesity mice

“…Excess dietary fat itself changes the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in plasma, and the tissues may contribute to obesity and related pathologies [15]. Since body fat is synthesized from mature fat cells through differentiation and maturation of pre-adipocytes, several studies have focused on adipogenic signaling for developing anti-obesity substances [16]. Pre-adipocytes differentiate and mature by answering hormones, including insulin through the expression of adipogenic genes such as SREBP-1 and FAS, and further generates a triglycerides [17].…”