Natural Killer Cells: From Innate to Adaptive Features

Mujal, Adriana M.; Delconte, Rebecca B.; Sun, Joseph C.

doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-074948

Cited by 116 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…NK cells are the third largest lymphocyte population and play an important role in innate immunity by eliminating transformed cells and virus-infected cells. Recent studies, including ours, confirmed the role of NK cells in the regulation of adaptive immunity through expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, including IFN-γ [ 37 , 38 ]. Human NK cells also express IL-24 with mitogen stimulation [ 16 ].…”

Section: Immunobiology Of Il-24supporting

confidence: 54%

Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases

Zhong

Zhang

Chong

2022

IJMS

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Interleukin (IL)-24 belongs to the IL-10 family and signals through two receptor complexes, i.e., IL-20RA/IL-20RB and IL-20RB/IL22RA1. It is a multifunctional cytokine that can regulate immune response, tissue homeostasis, host defense, and oncogenesis. Elevation of IL-24 is associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Its pathogenicity has been confirmed by inducing inflammation and immune cell infiltration for tissue damage. However, recent studies also revealed their suppressive functions in regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. The tolerogenic properties of IL-24 were reported in various animal models of autoimmune diseases, suggesting the complex functions of IL-24 in regulating autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory functions of IL-24 and its roles in autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Immunobiology Of Il-24supporting

confidence: 54%

Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases

Zhong

Zhang

Chong

2022

IJMS

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“…Cytokine regulation comprises the third signal for T-cell activation and differentiation, and also plays a crucial role for NK cell development, differentiation, and effector function. 151 But unlike T cells, NK cells can respond robustly to many cytokines without the requirement of activating-receptor signaling, highlighting the traditional innate function of NK cells. As such, these cytokines are being exploited in the clinic to enhance NK cell cellular therapy.…”

Section: Cytokine Regulation (Signal 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of natural killer cell memory*

Lau

Wiedemann

Sun

2021

Immunological Reviews

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Immunological memory is the underlying mechanism by which the immune system remembers previous encounters with pathogens to produce an enhanced secondary response upon re-encounter. It stands as the hallmark feature of the adaptive immune system and the cornerstone of vaccine development. Classic recall responses are executed by conventional T and B cells, which undergo somatic recombination and modify their receptor repertoire to ensure recognition of a vast number of antigens.However, recent evidence has challenged the dogma that memory responses are restricted to the adaptive immune system, which has prompted a reevaluation of what delineates "immune memory." Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system have been at the forefront of these pushed boundaries, and have proved to be more "adaptable" than previously thought. Like T cells, we now appreciate that their "natural" abilities actually require a myriad of signals for optimal responses. In this review, we discuss the many signals required for effector and memory NK cell responses and the epigenetic mechanisms that ultimately endow their enhanced features.

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“…Direct evidence for a CMV-induced imprint of the NK cell compartment was obtained in in vivo studies showing that long-lived Ly49H positive NK cells, that were able to mount recall responses, preferentially expanded in mice upon MCMV infection (147). Moreover, in vitro studies showed that CMV-infected cells induce proliferation of NKG2C brigth NK cells (148) although the molecular basis has not been fully resolved, interaction with HLA-E presenting CMV derived peptides is one of the main mechanisms suggested to drive the response (149,150).…”

Section: Non-classical Hla Class I Molecules As Ligands For Nk Cell Receptors In Kidney Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation

et al. 2021

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Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill diseased- or virally-infected cells, mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity and produce type I immune-associated cytokines upon activation. NK cells also contribute to the allo-immune response upon kidney transplantation either by promoting allograft rejection through lysis of cells of the transplanted organ or by promoting alloreactive T cells. In addition, they protect against viral infections upon transplantation which may be especially relevant in patients receiving high dose immune suppression. NK cell activation is tightly regulated through the integrated balance of signaling via inhibitory- and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules are critical regulators of NK cell activation through the interaction with inhibitory- as well as activating NK cell receptors, hence, HLA molecules act as critical immune checkpoints for NK cells. In the current review, we evaluate how NK cell alloreactivity and anti-viral immunity are regulated by NK cell receptors belonging to the KIR family and interacting with classical HLA class I molecules, or by NKG2A/C and LILRB1/KIR2DL4 engaging non-classical HLA-E or -G. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods to determine genetic variation in these receptors and their HLA ligands.

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Natural Killer Cells: From Innate to Adaptive Features

Cited by 116 publications

References 224 publications

Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases

Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases

Epigenetic regulation of natural killer cell memory*

HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation

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