Natural history of<i>Phoneutria boliviensis</i>(Araneae: Ctenidae): habitats, reproductive behavior, postembryonic development and prey-wrapping

Hazzi, Nicolás A.

doi:10.1636/hi13-05.1

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Based on the clinical manifestations, the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines (Brasil, Ministério da Saúde 1998, 2014 have classified envenomation by Phoneutria spp. as:…”

Section: Classification Of the Severity Of Envenomationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phoneutria spp. live on vegetation, mainly in palm trees, plants with large leaves (Torres-Sánchez and Gasnier 2010), and bromeliads in forested areas from southern Central America (Costa Rica) throughout South America east of the Andes into northern Argentina (Martins and Bertani 2007;Hazzi 2014). Eight species have been described and broadly classified as Amazonian (P. fera, P. reidyi, and P. boliviensis) and non-Amazonian (P. keyserlingi, P. pertyi, P. eickstedtae, P. bahiensis, and P. nigriventer) species (Martins and Bertani 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envenomation by Wandering Spiders (Genus Phoneutria)

Bucaretchi¹,

Bertani²,

Capitani³

et al. 2017

Toxinology

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Spiders of the genus Phoneutria, commonly known as wandering or banana spiders, are found in southern Central America (Costa Rica) and throughout South America east of the Andes into northern Argentina. Eight species, classified as Amazonian (P. fera, P. reidyi, and P. boliviensis) and non-Amazonian (P. keyserlingi, P. pertyi, P. eickstedtae, P. bahiensis, and P. nigriventer), have been described. Most of the clinically important bites by this genus occur in Brazil (~4,000 cases per year), with only 0.5% being severe. Local pain is the major symptom reported after most bites and involves peripheral (tachykinin (neurokinin NK 1 and NK 2) and glutamate receptors) and central (spinal) mechanisms (neurokinins, excitatory amino acids, nitric oxide, proinflammatory cytokines, and prostanoids). Other local features observed in envenomed patients include edema, erythema, radiating pain, sweating, fasciculation, and paresthesia. Systemic manifestations are less common and may include diaphoresis, tachycardia, arterial hypertension, agitation, prostration, sialorrhea, vomiting, tachypnea, pallor, hypothermia, cyanosis, diarrhea, and priapism. Shock and pulmonary edema, the main severe complications, are uncommon and possibly related to increased sympathetic activity and a systemic inflammatory response, although no sequential serum catecholamine, nitric oxide, and interleukin levels have been measured in prospective case series of human envenomations by Phoneutria spp. Most cases are treated symptomatically, with antivenom being recommended only for patients who develop important systemic clinical manifestations; such manifestations occur in~3% of cases and involve mainly children <10 years old and adults >70 years old. Fifteen deaths attributed to Phoneutria spp. have been reported in Brazil since 1903, but in only two of these cases are there sufficient details to confirm a causal nexus.

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“…Based on the clinical manifestations, the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines (Brasil, Ministério da Saúde 1998, 2014 have classified envenomation by Phoneutria spp. as:…”

Section: Classification Of the Severity Of Envenomationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envenomation by Wandering Spiders (Genus Phoneutria)

Bucaretchi¹,

Bertani²,

Capitani³

et al. 2017

Toxinology

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“…The spiders of the genus Phoneutria (Perty, 1833), known as "aranhas-armadeiras", "banana spider" or "Brazilian wandering spiders" belong to the family Ctenidae and are distributed over most of South and Central America (Simó & Brescovit, 2001;Martins & Bertani, 2007;Hazzi, 2014). They are large, dangerously venomous to humans, and are also common in anthropogenic environments, such as plantations, gardens and homes (Cardoso, França, Wen, Malaque, & Haddad-Jr, 2009;Torres-Sanchez & Gasnier, 2010;Hazzi, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are large, dangerously venomous to humans, and are also common in anthropogenic environments, such as plantations, gardens and homes (Cardoso, França, Wen, Malaque, & Haddad-Jr, 2009;Torres-Sanchez & Gasnier, 2010;Hazzi, 2014). Two species of the genus, P. reidyi (F.O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our preliminary observations, we noticed that the number of active spiders varied greatly from night to night, and it was evident that rainfall during the day could be a cause of this variation, which was the origin of this study. Later, we have found a second area with a very dense population of the same species in a tropical forest, which allowed a comparison of the results of the plantation with a natural environment.The spiders of the genus Phoneutria (Perty, 1833), known as "aranhas-armadeiras", "banana spider" or "Brazilian wandering spiders" belong to the family Ctenidae and are distributed over most of South and Central America (Simó & Brescovit, 2001;Martins & Bertani, 2007;Hazzi, 2014). They are large, dangerously venomous to humans, and are also common in anthropogenic environments, such as plantations, gardens and homes (Cardoso, França, Wen, Malaque, & Haddad-Jr, 2009;Torres-Sanchez & Gasnier, 2010;Hazzi, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strong negative effect of diurnal rainfall on nocturnal activity of a wandering spider in Central Amazonia

Queiroz

Gasnier

2017

RBT

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Abstract:Rainfall is a common phenomenon in tropical forests influencing the behavior of many animals, however, little is known about its post-occurrence effect on behavior. We investigated the effect of diurnal rainfall on the nocturnal activity of the wandering spider species Phoneutria reidyi in nights without rainfall. Our study included two different areas and periods: a coconut plantation, located 108 km from the city of Manaus, containing an area of 80 x 80 m with 105 palms, from July 2014 to July 2015; and an area of 80 x 80 m in a rainforest fragment in Manaus, from December 2015 to March 2016. Each night, we counted active spiders (found outside refugees) searching carefully on the vegetation and on the ground using a headlamp between 19:00-00:00. Spiders were not captured to avoid the effect of disturbance, and were measured by approaching a caliper rule. We used an index to measure the diurnal rainfall effect (DRE) which was the percentage of change in the number of active spiders at night after a diurnal rainfall, considering 100 % the number of spiders active at the previous or following night, without previous rainfall during the day. This pairwise approach was used to avoid seasonal bias and included 15 pairs of nights in the plantation, and 15 pairs in the forest. A total of 2 243 active spiders were counted. The number of active spiders was always smaller in nights after diurnal rainfall, with a mean reduction of 53.4 %. The abundance of active spiders reduced significantly in both areas after a diurnal rainfall, and the effect was not different between areas. Larger spiders (mostly adults) reduced their activity (-62.8 %) more than smaller spiders (juveniles, -48.5 %). The amount of rainfall during the day had no effect on the nocturnal activity, i.e., the effect of strong diurnal rainfall is similar to the effect of a weak rainfall. The air temperature did not change significantly at night after diurnal rainfalls. The seasonality of rainfall apparently has a weak or absent effect on the abundance of P. reidyi, which was approximately constant through one year. We believe that the moisture, which may affect the chemical cues of prey, is the major cause to reduce the active spiders after rainfall, but we discuss other potential causes. Smaller individuals are probably more active under less favorable conditions due to the stronger need of food for growing. If this effect of rainfall on the behavior is common for wandering spiders in general, the rainfall events may have important consequences for the entire community of arthropods and small vertebrates. We suggest that studies based on relative abundance of spiders should take in account this potential effect in collection and analysis of data. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1152-1160. Epub 2017 September 01.Key words: Phoneutria reidyi, rainforest, behavior, censuses, venomous spiders.Rainfall can alter the foraging activity of animals by precluding the visual or tactile perception of prey or predators nearby, or by hindering the mobility of small a...

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