Natural compounds regulate energy metabolism by the modulating the activity of lipid‐sensing nuclear receptors

Goto, Tsuyoshi; Kim, Young Il; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Kawada, Teruo

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201200522

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…The dyslipidemia that arises due to obesity is one of the links between obesity and its sequelae of metabolic abnormalities. Natural compounds that are able to result in significant weight loss as well as reverse obesity-related dyslipidemia are therefore very advantageous (Goto et al, 2013). This finding is in consonance with earlier reports of favourable serum lipid modulation in rats fed VA-incorporated diets (Egedigwe and Ijeh, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Del. Leaves in high-fat diet fed rats

Egedigwe¹,

Ejike²,

Ijeh³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Obesity is currently a global epidemic. Conventional treatments have not been very satisfactory to patients, warranting a search for alternative therapeutic options that are natural, safe and affordable. This study therefore investigated the anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Del (AEVA and MEVA respectively) in a rat model in which obesity was induced using a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Forty two Wistar rats were randomised into 7 groups of 6 rats each. One group served as the Normal Control group and obesity was induced in the other 6 groups. One of the 6 groups each served as Positive Control and Negative Control while the 4 test groups were designated AEVA100, AEVA500, MEVA50 and MEVA200, respectively. The study lasted for 12 weeks after which standard protocols were followed for all analyses and determinations. Results: The results show that both AEVA and MEVA at the tested concentrations resulted in significant (P < 0.05) weight loss (without affecting internal organs negatively), and significant (P < 0.05) improvement in some metabolic markers of obesity in the test rats compared to the negative control rats. MEVA 200 had the greatest anti-obesity effect while MEVA 50 was the least effective. All the test extracts compared well with Orlistat used as the positive control drug on all counts. Conclusion: The observed weight-loss benefits of AEVA and MEVA are attributable to the rich milieu of phytochemicals found in Vernonia amygdalina Del. Further studies to unlock the mechanisms through which the observed weight loss is mediated are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Del. Leaves in high-fat diet fed rats

Egedigwe¹,

Ejike²,

Ijeh³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…It has been established that dietary fatty acids such as n-3 PUFA can act as agonists of PPARα [10-12]. Based on the fact that the PPARα activating potential of those fatty acids is lower than that of synthetic PPARα agonists such as clofibrate, the findings of the present study clearly indicate that fatty acids in sow diets acting as native PPARα agonists might be uncritical with respect to milk production and gains of litters of lactating sows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…According to rodent studies, an activation of PPARα during lactation could suppress milk fat synthesis due to a reduced availability of fatty acids as a result of an increased utilization of fatty acids by liver and muscle. The question whether activation of PPARα could affect milk fat synthesis is of relevance as dietary components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are able to activate PPARα [10-12]. Moreover, it is known that a negative energy balance which is common in lactating sows causes an activation of PPARα due to increased concentrations of NEFA in plasma released from adipose tissue [13-15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of lactating sows with clofibrate as a synthetic agonist of PPARα does not influence milk fat content and gains of litters

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn rats, it has been observed that treatment with activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) disturbs metabolic adaptations during lactation, which in turn lead to a reduction of milk fat content and gains of litters during the suckling period. It has not yet been investigated whether agonists of PPARα are impairing milk production of lactating sows in a similar manner as in rats. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of treatment with clofibrate, a strong synthetic agonist of PPARα, on milk composition and litter gains in lactating sows.ResultsTwenty lactating sows received either a basal diet (control group) or the same diet with supplementation of 2 g of clofibrate per kg of diet (clofibrate group). In the clofibrate group, mRNA concentrations of various PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid utilization in liver and skeletal muscle were moderately up-regulated. Fat and energy content of the milk and gains of litters during the suckling period were not different between the control group and the clofibrate group.ConclusionIt is shown that treatment with clofibrate induces only a moderate up-regulation of PPARα target genes in liver and muscle of lactating sows and in turn might have limited effect on whole body fatty acid utilization. This may be the reason why clofibrate treatment did not influence milk fat content and gains of litters during the suckling period. Thus, the present study indicates that activation of PPARα induced either by native agonists such as dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids or a by negative energy balance might be largely uncritical in lactating sows with respect to milk production and litter gains in lactating sows.

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“…The n-3fa-induced reduction in the hepatic expression SREPB1c and lipogenic genes is often matched by an increased expression of both PPARa 35,36 and PPARg. 37,38 In various murine models of NAFLD, PPARa expression is often reduced, whereas PPARg expression is elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fructose Intake Impairs the Hepatic Hypolipidemic Effects of a High-Fat Fish-Oil Diet in C57BL/6 Mice

Wooten

Nick

Seija

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Background: Overnutrition of saturated fats and fructose is one of the major factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Because omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3fa) have established lipid lowering properties, we tested the hypothesis that n-3fa prevents high-fat and fructose-induced fatty liver disease in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the following diet groups for 14 weeks: normal diet (ND), high-fat lard-based diet (HFD), HFD with fructose (HFD + Fru), high-fat fish-oil diet (FOD), or FOD + Fru. Results: Despite for the development of obesity and insulin resistance, FOD had 65.3% lower (P < 0.001) hepatic triglyceride levels than HFD + Fru, which was blunted to a 38.5% difference (P = 0.173) in FOD + Fru. The lower hepatic triglyceride levels were associated with a lower expression of lipogenic genes LXRa and FASN, as well as the expression of genes associated with fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis, CD36 and SCD1, respectively. Conversely, the blunted hypotriglyceride effect of FOD + Fru was associated with a higher expression of CD36 and SCD1. Conclusions: During overnutrition, a diet rich in n-3fa may prevent the severity of hepatic steatosis; however, when juxtaposed with a diet high in fructose, the deleterious effects of overnutrition blunted the hypolipidemic effects of n-3fa. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2016;6:265-274)

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Natural compounds regulate energy metabolism by the modulating the activity of lipid‐sensing nuclear receptors

Cited by 51 publications

References 139 publications

Anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Del. Leaves in high-fat diet fed rats

Anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Del. Leaves in high-fat diet fed rats

Treatment of lactating sows with clofibrate as a synthetic agonist of PPARα does not influence milk fat content and gains of litters

High-Fructose Intake Impairs the Hepatic Hypolipidemic Effects of a High-Fat Fish-Oil Diet in C57BL/6 Mice

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