Natural community structure of cyanobacteria in the South China Sea as revealed by rpoC1 gene sequence analysis

Ma, Ying; Jiao, Nianzhi; Zeng, Yonghui

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01588.x

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Phylogenetic diversity amongst the 2 genera obtained from our study was similar to a previous report from the SCS based on rpoC1 gene sequences, which showed that picocyanobacteria in both surface waters and at 80 m depth were composed of HL II Prochlorococcus and clade II Synechococcus (Ma et al 2004). However, the considerable phylogenetic diversity within the 2 predominant clades, HL II Prochlorococcus and clade II Synechococcus, was augmented by the presence of HL I and LL IV Prochlorococcus genotypes and Synechococcus clades III, XV and XVI genotypes.…”

Section: Phylogeny and Distribution Of Picocyanobacteriasupporting

confidence: 89%

Phylogenetic composition of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in cold eddies of the South China Sea

Jing¹,

Liu²

2012

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Two mesoscale cyclonic eddies (CE I and CE II) occurred along the Vietnam coast in the South China Sea during summer 2007; CE I was in the decaying stage and CE II was in the intensifying stage. CE II was also influenced by the Mekong River plume. The upwelling effect of the 2 eddies on the phylogenetic diversity of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus was investigated by clone library construction based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, with station SEATS in the oligotrophic basin as a comparison. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of sequences affiliated with 3 Prochlorococcus clades (HL I, HL II & LL IV) and 7 Synechococcus clades (II, III, VII, X, XV, XVI, and sub-cluster 5.2) from the various water bodies, with HL II Prochlorococcus and clade II Synechococcus being the dominant phylotypes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that spatial distribution of the 2 genera was mostly explained by temperature, but also affected by salinity and chlorophyll a concentration. Upwelling of the nutrient-rich subsurface water at the center of the cold eddy resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of Synechococcus in the young and intensifying CE II, whereas Prochlorococcus dominated in the old and decaying CE I and the surrounding oligotrophic waters. It is intriguing that Synechococcus clades III, XV and XVI, which are known to contain chromatically adapting members, were most numerous in eddy and river plume influenced waters, where light quality changes might be expected, compared to the oligotrophic basin waters. The disparity in cyanobacterial phylogenetic composition between the 2 eddies clearly reflected the differing hydrographic dynamics and developmental stages of these eddy systems.

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Section: Phylogeny and Distribution Of Picocyanobacteriasupporting

confidence: 89%

Phylogenetic composition of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in cold eddies of the South China Sea

Jing¹,

Liu²

2012

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Currently, the anthropogenically derived increase in atmospheric CO 2 is a global challenge which will change seawater chemical characteristics and particle-size distributions, as well as microbial function and diversity (13,15,30). With elevated partial CO 2 pressure (pCO 2 ), both primary production and the release of DOC might increase.…”

Section: Vol 77 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Carbon Pump: from Genes to Ecosystems

Jiao

Zheng

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The majority of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is resistant to biological degradation and thus can remain in the water column for thousands of years, constituting carbon sequestration in the ocean. To date the origin of such recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) is unclear. A recently proposed conceptual framework, the microbial carbon pump (MCP), emphasizes the microbial transformation of organic carbon from labile to recalcitrant states. The MCP is concerned with both microbial uptakes and outputs of DOC compounds, covering a wide range from gene to ecosystem levels. In this minireview, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter is used as an example for the microbial processing of DOC at the genetic level. The compositions of the ABC transporter genes of the two major marine bacterial clades Roseobacter and SAR11 demonstrate that they have distinct patterns in DOC utilization: Roseobacter strains have the advantage of taking up carbohydrate DOC, while SAR11 bacteria prefer nitrogen-containing DOC. At the ecosystem level, bacterially derived RDOC based on D-amino acid biomarkers is reported to be responsible for about a quarter of the total marine RDOC pool. Under future global warming scenarios, partitioning of primary production into DOC could be enhanced, and thus the MCP could play an even more important role in carbon sequestration by the ocean. Joint efforts to study the MCP from multiple disciplines are required to obtain a better understanding of ocean carbon cycle and its coupling with global change.The ocean acts as a "sink" of atmospheric CO 2 , thus mitigating global warming (44, 48). The recognized biological mechanism for this sink is the "biological pump," which is based on the photosynthetic fixation of CO 2 and subsequent carbon export driven mainly by sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC). However, the buried POC in the ocean sediment is Ͻ0.1% of primary production formed in the surface ocean, while the rest of the organic carbon is mainly respired back to CO 2 (14, 28) . Nevertheless, the ocean possesses a huge dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, which accounts for about 95% of the total remaining organic carbon (22, 39). The majority of this DOC pool is recalcitrant to biological degradation and can persist in the water column for thousands of years, constituting carbon sequestration in the ocean (4,22,25,39,40). However, the origin of this recalcitrant DOC pool is presently unclear.Recently a new concept was proposed to address this matter, the "microbial carbon pump" (MCP), which refers to the microbial processes that transform labile DOC (LDOC) into recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) (25). The MCP is a conceptual framework to explicitly integrate environmental, trophic, physiological, molecular, and genomic processes relevant to the in situ microbial activities that regulate RDOC production and dynamics (25, 26) (Fig. 1).Diverse microbes and DOC compounds in the ocean. The transformation of DOC is carried out by heterotrophic microbes, and the pathways and rates of DOC transformation determine the ...

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“…Furthermore, these clades have been repeatedly observed to coexist in a single water column (7,8,21,22,30,35,44). Synechococcus inhabits the world's coastal and oligotrophic oceans at high concentrations (typically 1 ϫ 10 3 to 1 ϫ 10 4 cells ml Ϫ1 ), and in the oligotrophic Atlantic, it comprises a significant portion of phytoplankton carbon (13), accounting for up to a quarter of primary production (29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture Isolation and Culture-Independent Clone Libraries Reveal New MarineSynechococcusEcotypes with Distinctive Light and N Physiologies

Ahlgren

Rocap

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

168

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Marine microbial communities often contain multiple closely related phylogenetic clades, but in many cases, it is still unclear what physiological traits differentiate these putative ecotypes. The numerically abundant marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus can be divided into at least 14 clades. In order to better understand ecotype differentiation in this genus, we assessed the diversity of a Synechococcus community from a well-mixed water column in the Sargasso Sea during March 2002, a time of year when this genus typically reaches its annual peak in abundance. Diversity was estimated from water sampled at three depths (approximately 5, 70, and 170 m) using both culture isolation and construction of cyanobacterial 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed sequence clone libraries. Clonal isolates were obtained by enrichment with ammonium, nitrite, or nitrate as the sole N source, followed by pour plating. Each method sampled the in situ diversity differently. The combined methods revealed a total of seven Synechococcus phylotypes including two new putative ecotypes, labeled XV and XVI. Although most other isolates grow on nitrate, clade XV exhibited a reduced efficiency in nitrate utilization, and both clade XV and XVI are capable of chromatic adaptation, demonstrating that this trait is more widely distributed among Synechococcus strains than previously known. Thus, as in its sister genus Prochlorococcus, light and nitrogen utilization are important factors in ecotype differentiation in the marine Synechococcus lineage.

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Natural community structure of cyanobacteria in the South China Sea as revealed by rpoC1 gene sequence analysis

Abstract: This is the first report about the cyanobacterial community structure in the South China Sea, and an important supplement to the current understanding of the relationship between genetic and ecological diversity and environments.

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Phylogenetic composition of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in cold eddies of the South China Sea

Phylogenetic composition of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in cold eddies of the South China Sea

The Microbial Carbon Pump: from Genes to Ecosystems

Culture Isolation and Culture-Independent Clone Libraries Reveal New MarineSynechococcusEcotypes with Distinctive Light and N Physiologies

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