Native and Prosthetic Simultaneously Double Valve Infective Endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis—Case-Based Review

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is a severe infective heart disease, commonly involving native or prosthetic valves. It frequently presents with univalvular involvement and simultaneous double valve or multivalvular involvement is rarely described. The third leading cause of infective endocarditis worldwide is Enterococcus faecalis, which is associated with high mortality rates despite important advances in antimicrobial therapy. It develops secondary to enterococcal bacteremia, with its origin from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract and predominantly affecting the elderly population with multiple comorbidities. Clinical presentation is usually less typical, and the treatment is challenging. It can be marked by antibiotic resistance, side effects, and subsequent complications. Surgical treatment can be considered if deemed appropriate. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case-based narrative review of Enterococcus faecalis double valve endocarditis involving both the aortic native and prosthetic mitral valve, highlighting the clinical characteristics, treatment, and complications of this condition.

An Unusual Case of a Double Tricuspid and Mitral Valves Infective Endocarditis Complicated by Multiple Septic Embolisms Secondary to an Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…Bilateral IE may be related to congenital heart diseases or defects, intra-cardiac devices, or repeated injections by drug users [22,37,41]. There are few cases of right-and left-sided MVE in the literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In addition to our patient, we have found in the literature another 21 clinical cases, which are outlined in Table 1.…”

“…We included all the papers that met the following criteria: We identified 1699 studies reporting data on MVE (Figure 2). Among them, 20 papers reported 21 clinical cases on bilateral MVE [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Table 1 describes demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics as well as the prognosis of the 21 clinical cases identified and of our case.…”

Native and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis complicated by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and its diagnostic challenges and therapeutic implications

“…Infective endocarditis involving multiple valves has rarely been described, and there are only a few case reports of simultaneous native and prosthetic valve endocarditis. 9 Multivalvular and simultaneous native (aortic) and prosthetic (mitral) valve involvement is what makes our patient's presentation unique.…”

Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus thoraltensis: A Case Report of Bacterial Endocarditis and Review of Literature on Infections Caused by This Pathogen

“…In addition to the characteristic clinical signs (fever, new murmur), other signs should raise suspicion of bacterial endocarditis (general symptoms such as unexplained malaise, weakness, arthralgia, and weight loss; embolic events of unknown origin in the brain, spleen, or kidneys; atrioventricular conduction disorders; palming; skin lesions such as Osler or Janeway nodules; and ophthalmologic manifestations (Roth spots)) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”