National Styles and Policy Sectors: Explaining Structured Variation

Freeman, Gary P.

doi:10.1017/s0143814x00003287

Cited by 188 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Other terms have been used to describe much the same combination of cultural and organizational elements of political processes (e.g., "policy areas" [Amenta & Carruthers, 1988, p. 666], "sectors" [Freeman, 1985;W. R. Scott & Meyer, 1983, p. 137], "subsystems" [Freeman, 1985], "issue domains" [McDonagh, 1989, p. 121], "fields" [Grattet, 1994, p. 15], and "programs" [Rose, 1985, p. 9]). …”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Persecution of Gypsies in Europe

Brearley

2001

American Behavioral Scientist

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Roma/Gypsies, nomads newly arrived in Europe in the 1400s, endured expulsions, forcible removal of children, servitude in galleys or mines, death sentences for being Gypsy, and absolute slavery in the Balkans from the 16th century onward. Persecution stemmed from highest authorities in State and Church. Following the murder of 200,000 to 500,000 Roma in the Holocaust, persecution persists, especially in Central and Eastern Europe where Roma form up to 10% of population (Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania). Discriminated against under communism, their plight has dramatically worsened since 1989. Endemic problems (low life expectancy, high illiteracy, dire poverty, poor housing) are now heightened by massive, disproportionate unemployment. Unprecedented persecution has been unleashed by new state nationalism and easing of censorship. Roma are the new scapegoat for post-Communist society's ills. The media commonly stigmatize Roma. Few countries have created laws to protect Roma rights. Some activists fear a potential genocide if conditions worsen.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Persecution of Gypsies in Europe

Brearley

2001

American Behavioral Scientist

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“…Do policymakers seek consensus among these parties or simply impose their decisions on them? Together, both dimensions give rise to a framework that has been used repeatedly to compare national governments according to their pattern of policymaking (Freeman, 1985;Bovens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Policy Style and Local Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local planning in Belgium: A myriad of policy styles?

Wayenberg¹,

Reuchamps²,

Kravagna³

et al. 2017

Policy Analysis in Belgium

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What policy style(s) does local government display in Belgium? This seemingly straightforward question does not have an easy answer. After all, the country is renowned for its institutional complexity and thickness [[meaning of thickness? impenetrability?]], two features that have a significant impact on local government's way of working. In the wake of state reforms, the federal government granted the three Belgian regions (Walloon, Flemish and Brussels) key competencies over the cities and municipalities standing on their territory (Deschouwer and Reuchamps, 2013). In 2001, regions were even given powers over and above those granted in the basic local government legislation, regulating to a large extent local political and administrative institutions and practices. A new and influential layer of central government has thus been created: all regions have grasped their new powers to introduce policy tools and instruments on the local level, according to their own needs and policy orientation (Wayenberg et al, 2011). This federalisation process added diversity between cities and municipalities that were already very heterogonous in size, financial status and political dynamics, to name but a few of their basic characteristics (De Rynck and Wayenberg, 2013). As a result, local government in the three Belgian regions now operates under different regulatory frames.This chapter explores whether local government in Belgium displays a specific style of policy analysis. To this end, we use a two-level comparative analysis that allows us to shed light on local policy analysis in the context of the specificity of the Belgium's regions. The first level is a comparison of the Flemish and the Walloon regions. The focus on them is not only a matter of size, as Flanders and Wallonia respectively count for 308 (52%) and 262 (45%) of the 589 Belgian municipalities, but also a matter of policy analysis. Indeed, they represent the country's two main administrative traditions, being located in the Dutchspeaking north and the French-speaking south. Both have also made use of their competency to legislate on local government political and administrative institutions and practices, and have promulgated local government legislation to this end. That is not the case with the Brussels-Capital Region, which accounts for 19 municipalities (3%) still functioning according to the Belgian legislation of 1988 (De Rynck and Wayenberg, 2013). The case of Brussels will therefore not be covered by this chapter nor will the peculiar case of the nine Germanspeaking municipalities that are attached both to the Walloon Region and the German-speaking community (Bouhon et al, 2015).

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“…Such approaches challenge the traditional preoccupation with distinct policy styles (Richardson, 1982) or national paradigms (Howlett, 1991) in policy studies. They suggest that the more interesting comparisons might be located between different policy sectors (Hood et al, 2001: 6), raising the question as to why cross-national comparison should be privileged over cross-sectoral analysis (Freeman, 1985).…”

Section: The Lack Of Cross-sectoral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘epistemic turn’ in immigration policy analysis

Boswell¹

2016

Handbook on Migration and Social Policy

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National Styles and Policy Sectors: Explaining Structured Variation

Cited by 188 publications

References 35 publications

The Persecution of Gypsies in Europe

The Persecution of Gypsies in Europe

Local planning in Belgium: A myriad of policy styles?

The ‘epistemic turn’ in immigration policy analysis

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