Nasal carriage screening of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children of a developing country

Abstract

Background:The rapid emergence and spread of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has raised considerable public health concern in both developed and developing countries. The current study aimed to address the extent of this phenomenon in healthy preschool children of a developing country.Materials and Methods:We conducted a prospective study from April 2013 to March 2014 on 410 healthy 2-6 years old preschool children in Isfahan, Iran. Demographic medical data and nasal samples were collected from the participating children. Isolates were identified as S. aureus and MRSA based on microbiological and molecular tests, including the presence of eap and mecA genes.Results:The overall prevalence of S. aureus and CA-MRSA nasal carriage was 28% (115/410) and 6.1% (25/410), respectively. The identity of isolates was confirmed by molecular assay. The factors that were independently associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus were: Children crowding in day-care nurseries and income level of families. A total of 20/90 (22.2%) of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and all 25 CA-MRSA displayed multiple drug resistance to 3–8 antibiotics.Conclusions:The current report reflects issues and concerns that the high rate of colonization by CA-MRSA in Iranian healthy children provides obliging evidence that MRSA have established a foothold in the community and are emerging as important health threatening pathogens. It is suggested that we need more effective infection control measures to prevent transmission of nasal CA-MRSA in healthy preschool children.

Nasal Carriage Rate, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Staphylococcus aureus with Special Emphasis on MRSA among Urban and Rural Elementary School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

“…Several studies showed that sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors contribute a lot to the nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA [5, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28]. The result of this study showed children's father's educational status significantly associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus which was in contrast with a study in Nigeria [12].…”

“…This finding of MRSA nasal carriage was in line with the reports of Iraq (11.1%) [23] and higher than the reports in Serbia (7.55%), Ghana (1.6%), Italy (1.54%), India (3.17%), and Jordan (7.1%) [16, 17, 20, 21, 27]. However, this MRSA nasal carriage was lower than the reports in Iran (21.74%), Nigeria (59.1%), Iraq (13.3%), Vietnam (12.3%), Jimma (18.8%), and Bahir Dar (13.8%) [18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 28]. This variation might be due to the difference in the diagnostic techniques which was used to confirm/detect MRSA other than cefoxitin disc detection method.…”

StaphylococcalCassette Chromosomemec(SCCmec) Typing of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusStrains Isolated from Community- and Hospital-Acquired Infections

“…Detection of the epidemiology, clinical syndrome, and antibiotic resistance of possible CA-MRSA allows early initiation of treatment and control measures (21,22). The prevalence of HA-MRSA in the present study was 77.7% (n = 42), which is high.…”

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary center, Iran

“…[20212223242526] The level of resistance against erythromycin among MRSA species isolated in the current study was 50%; hence, using this antibiotic to control infections caused by these bacteria is not recommended.…”