Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product

Abstract

Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.

Bioactivity of Biomass and Crude Exopolysaccharides Obtained by Controlled Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor

“…The mushroom species which are most often used as food for thousands of years and which demonstrate potential to synthesize bioactive components with therapeutic properties are Ganoderma lucidum , Grifola frondosa , Lentinus edodes , Schizophyllum commune , Trametes versicolor , Hericium erinaceus , Inonotus obliquus , Phellinus linteus and Pleuortus ostreatus [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Most of them are referred to as edible and the basidiocarps of G. lucidum , T. versicolor and I. obliquus are referred to as non-edible medicinal mushrooms because of their bitter taste and toughness [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Influence of Iron Addition (Alone or with Calcium) to Elements Biofortification and Antioxidants in Pholiota nameko

“…They are attractive, healthy food because they are poor in calories and fat but rich in proteins, minerals, and dietary fibre. Promising anticarcinogenic, antigenotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides and other macromolecules derived from mushrooms are another factor in their favour [18][19][20]. Due to their high element accumulation capacity, bio-enriched mushrooms can serve as food supplements rich in antioxidants and sources of macro-and micro-elements in fortified food production [21].…”

Green Metallic Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis to Applications

“…Oyster and Ganoderma species have been the subject of several studies in the last few years to learn more about the synthesis of NPs. The mushrooms produced through pure culture are non-pathogenic, non-toxic, and can create a wide variety of physiologically active proteins ( Chopra et al, 2021c ). Consequently, their higher than normal enzyme activity [108] can transform dangerous compounds into more minor toxic forms, create large amounts of biomass, and accumulate NPs in their mycelia and culture media.…”