Narcolepsy Presentation in Diverse Populations: an Update

Spruyt, Karen

doi:10.1007/s40675-020-00195-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There have been some studies that have not found a significant increase in the incidence of narcolepsy following H1N1 vaccination [35][36][37]. The exact cause of this increased risk is not fully understood, but it is important to note that these studies were observational and further research is needed to confirm the association between the H1N1 influenza pandemic and the incidence of narcolepsy and to understand the underlying mechanisms [38].…”

Section: Information About Narcolepsy In Different Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Literature on Narcolepsy: Insights into the Sleep Disorder That Strikes during the Day

Mațotă,

Bordeianu,

Severin

et al. 2023

NeuroSci

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that disrupts the regulation of a person’s sleep–wake cycle, leading to significant challenges in daily functioning. It is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy), sleep paralysis, and vivid hypnagogic hallucinations. A literature search was conducted in different databases to identify relevant studies on various aspects of narcolepsy. The main search terms included “narcolepsy”, “excessive daytime sleepiness”, “cataplexy”, and related terms. The search was limited to studies published until May 2023. This literature review aims to provide an overview of narcolepsy, encompassing its causes, diagnosis, treatment options, impact on individuals’ lives, prevalence, and recommendations for future research. The review reveals several important findings regarding narcolepsy: 1. the classification of narcolepsy—type 1 narcolepsy, previously known as narcolepsy with cataplexy, and type 2 narcolepsy, also referred to as narcolepsy without cataplexy; 2. the genetic component of narcolepsy and the complex nature of the disorder, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, disrupted sleep patterns, and potential impacts on daily life activities and social functioning; and 3. the important implications for clinical practice in the management of narcolepsy. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the different types of narcolepsies and their associated symptoms, as this can aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to narcolepsy management, involving specialists in sleep medicine, neurology, psychiatry, and psychology. Clinicians should consider the impact of narcolepsy on a person’s daily life, including their ability to work, study, and participate in social activities, and provide appropriate support and interventions. There are several gaps in knowledge regarding narcolepsy. Future research should focus on further elucidating the genetic causes and epigenetic mechanisms of narcolepsy and exploring potential biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis. Long-term studies assessing the effectiveness of different treatment approaches, including pharmacological interventions and behavioral therapies, are needed. Additionally, there is a need for research on strategies to improve the overall well-being and quality of life of individuals living with narcolepsy, including the development of tailored support programs and interventions.

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Section: Information About Narcolepsy In Different Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Literature on Narcolepsy: Insights into the Sleep Disorder That Strikes during the Day

Mațotă,

Bordeianu,

Severin

et al. 2023

NeuroSci

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“…Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone during waking), and loss of boundaries between sleep and wake, with frequent state transitions and intrusions of REM sleep into the other ongoing states [ 47 , 48 , 89 , 90 ]. It is estimated that the prevalence of narcolepsy ranges from 0.2 to 600 per 100,000 people in various countries [ 91 ]. Narcolepsy is due to a deficiency of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin [ 92 , 93 ] likely following an autoimmune etiology [ 94 ].…”

Section: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated With Rem Sleep Distu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep during Early Life: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Chen

Gao

Chen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The ontogenetic sleep hypothesis suggested that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is ontogenetically primitive. Namely, REM sleep plays an imperative role in the maturation of the central nervous system. In coincidence with a rapidly developing brain during the early period of life, a remarkably large amount of REM sleep has been identified in numerous behavioral and polysomnographic studies across species. The abundant REM sleep appears to serve to optimize a cerebral state suitable for homeostasis and inherent neuronal activities favorable to brain maturation, ranging from neuronal differentiation, migration, and myelination to synaptic formation and elimination. Progressively more studies in Mammalia have provided the underlying mechanisms involved in some REM sleep-related disorders (e.g., narcolepsy, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)). We summarize the remarkable alterations of polysomnographic, behavioral, and physiological characteristics in humans and Mammalia. Through a comprehensive review, we offer a hybrid of animal and human findings, demonstrating that early-life REM sleep disturbances constitute a common feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Our review may assist and promote investigations of the underlying mechanisms, functions, and neurodevelopmental diseases involved in REM sleep during early life.

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“…The various results of incidence and prevalence generated extremely high statistical heterogeneity on pooled estimates, which has been identified from a previous meta-analysis [19]. However, the sources of the heterogeneity are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in Estimates of Incidence and Prevalence of Narcolepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. The diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy evolve from clinical symptoms to molecular biomarkers, along with the understanding of its clinical nature and pathogenesis. Estimates of incidence and prevalence of narcolepsy vary between studies, while the contribution of changing diagnostic criteria to the variation remains unclear. We aimed to explore sources of heterogeneity in estimates of incidence and prevalence, with a particular focus on diagnostic criteria. Methods: We searched 5 databases for observational studies on the incidence or prevalence of narcolepsy published before October 14, 2021. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to assess the impact of diagnostic criteria on incidence/prevalence of narcolepsy after adjusting for age group, region, study period, vaccination status, index date, and type of narcolepsy. Results: 35 studies were selected from 2,833 articles. The estimates of incidence and prevalence were wide-ranging with high heterogeneity (incidence I2 = 99.8%; prevalence I2 = 99.7%), from 0.06–6.56 per 100,000 person-years for incidence and 1.05–79.40 per 100,000 population for prevalence, respectively. Totally 10 diagnostic criteria were used, including the 1st revised edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICSD-1), ICSD-2, ICSD-3, the 8th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-8), ICD-9, ICD-10, Brighton collaboration case definition (Brighton), Mayo classification, the Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale, and clinical symptoms with the multiple sleep latency test. ICD tended to provide higher estimates of incidence/prevalence than Brighton (incidence odds ratio [OR] 1.38, [95% CI 1.02, 1.86]; prevalence OR 1.50, [95% CI 1.04, 2.39]). No significant difference was found in estimates of two rates between ICSD and Brighton. Incidence was higher for children than adults (OR 1.61, [95% CI 1.25, 2.07]), and for individuals vaccinated with Pandemrix than those unvaccinated (OR 6.49, [95% CI 3.86, 10.91]). Conclusions: Estimates of incidence/prevalence of narcolepsy could not be pooled reliably with substantial heterogeneity. Incidence/prevalence studies using ICSD and Brighton provided lower estimates than studies using ICD and other criteria. Diagnostic criteria should be standardized when comparing or pooling the incidence/prevalence to understand the epidemiology of narcolepsy. Future studies are needed to focus on the at-risk population for the etiology investigation of narcolepsy.

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Narcolepsy Presentation in Diverse Populations: an Update

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Exploring the Literature on Narcolepsy: Insights into the Sleep Disorder That Strikes during the Day

Exploring the Literature on Narcolepsy: Insights into the Sleep Disorder That Strikes during the Day

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep during Early Life: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Heterogeneity in Estimates of Incidence and Prevalence of Narcolepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

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