Background: Nanoparticle-based pulmonary drug delivery systems are commonly developed and applied for drug-targeted delivery. It exhibits significant advantages compared to traditional pulmonary drug delivery systems. However, developing a formulation for each drug is a time-consuming and laborious task. Results: This study designed and constructed a universal lung-targeting nanoparticle. The self-assembled micelles were composed of a platycodon secondary saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl platycodigenin 682 (GP-682), via its specific amphiphilic structure. GP-682 micelles obtained a relatively stable zeta potential with a particle size between 60 to 90 nm, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was approximately 42.3 μg/mL. Pre-incubation of GP-682 micelles markedly enhanced the cell membrane permeability, and improved drug uptake in vitro. The results were visualized using fluorescent dye tracing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing assay. The benefits enhanced the distribution of levofloxacin (Lev) in mouse lung tissue and reduced the overdosing of antibiotics. The acute lung injury mice model induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 14 strain demonstrated that pre-injection of GP-682 micelles before antibiotic administration produced a higher survival rate and anti-infective efficacy in vivo. It included a reduction in pulmonary injury, bacterial invasion and cytokines expression compared to treatment with Lev alone. Conclusions: GP-682 micelles are another nanoparticle-based pulmonary drug delivery system and provides a new option for lung-targeting therapy.