Nanotechnology: A Novel Approach for Drug Development in Health Care System

Abstract

Background: Health is a lively state of the body which adjusts and adopt with the response to various environmental changes. There are several features that can influence the health status of human beings. Therefore, the continuous research study is highly essential to maintain a proper health care system in the community. Objective: The diverse area of innovation was made in nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, leukemia, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's diseases, etc. Nanotechnology generally refers to the materials, devices, and systems in nanoscale which provides considerably improved physical, chemical and biological property. Methods: It is technology which deals with the design, synthesis, characterization of substances, devices and systems by arranging shape and size at their nanometer scale. It involves multidisciplinary research which includes both health science and technology for the treatment of human health. Nanotechnology can be applied at the cellular level in the human body with a high degree of specificity to treat the various diseases. Conclusion: This technology is potentially targeted to diseased tissue to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects. Nowadays, the rapidity of revolutionary discoveries in the field of nanotechnology is expected to accelerate in the next decade globally.

Dendrimers: Advancements and Potential Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment—An Overview

“…Polymeric nanoparticles -efficient for targeted drug distribution -possibility to modify shape, composition, size, and surface characteristics -stability -high therapeutic efficiency -large encapsulation capacity -toxic degradation -difficult encapsulation for hydrophilic drugs [33][34][35][36][37] Carbon nanotubes -cylindrical shape with a closed end, suitable for antimicrobial agents and gene delivery -electrical conductivity -resistance -high specific surface area -insoluble in aqueous and organic solvents [14,33,36,38] Liposomes -externally formed from a double hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer that can be modified to reduce side effects, while the interior is represented by an aqueous core in which drugs, proteins, genes, or peptides can be encapsulated -specific drug transport without degradation -high biocompatibility -high permeability of drug distribution -sensitivity to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli [14,33,36,[39][40][41][42] Gold nanoparticles -exhibit unique optical properties and have the ability to conjugate with antibodies -water solubility -extremely stable -low toxicity -biological stability may decrease in vivo [33,36,[43][44][45] Figure 1. Advantages of nano systems in medicine [18,[29][30][31].…”

“…Nanotechnology is extremely important in medicine in developing systems whose shape and size can be controlled to improve and individualize their physicochemical and pharmacological properties, and the systems obtained can be used for various purposes for numerous diseases, including cancer [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Nanoparticles are tiny materials having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm that can be obtained naturally or synthesized artificially, and research has shown that they are more effective than chemotherapy or radiotherapy used independently, producing minor adverse reactions [ 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Nanomaterials are used as biological markers, contrast agents for imaging, medical care products, pharmaceutical products, and drug delivery systems, as well as in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of diseases, including cancer [ 18 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”