Nanostructures as Radionuclide Carriers in Auger Electron Therapy

Abstract

The concept of nanoparticle-mediated radionuclide delivery in the cancer treatment has been widely discussed in the past decade. In particular, the use of inorganic and organic nanostructures in the development of radiopharmaceuticals enables the delivery of medically important radioisotopes for radionuclide therapy. In this review, we present the development of nanostructures for cancer therapy with Auger electron radionuclides. Following that, different types of nanoconstructs that can be used as carriers for Auger electron emitters, design principles, nanoparticle materials, and target vectors that overcame the main difficulties are described. In addition, systems in which high-Z element nanoparticles are used as radionuclide carriers, causing the emission of photoelectrons from the nanoparticle surface, are presented. Finally, future research opportunities in the field are discussed as well as issues that must be addressed before nanoparticle-based Auger electron radionuclide therapy can be transferred to clinical use.

Targeting the organelle for radiosensitization in cancer radiotherapy

“…As a type of radiation therapy, radionuclide therapy uses high linear energy transfer radiation emitted by radioisotopes as the radiation source [90] . When injected or orally administered into patients, it is expected to target specific organs, tissues or cells, and then damage intracellular biomacromolecules and induce cell death [91] .…”

Uso De Sistemas Nanoestruturados No Tratamento Do Câncer

“…Nanopartículas metálicas têm o potencial de aumentar a dose entregue no tumor principalmente devido à maior seção de choque para absorção fotoelétrica em relação ao meio biológico, levando a uma grande geração de elétrons secundários que amplificam significativamente a morte celular. (34) Portanto, marcar o tumor com GNPs traz vantagens terapêuticas na radioterapia conformada, pois há aumento da dose no tumor, podendo-se com isso reduzir as doses prescritas e, consequentemente, os danos ao tecido saudável circundante.…”

Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board

“…A comprehensive review of studies performed was recently published with a wide variety of combination of organic and inorganic nanoparticles functionalized with suitable targeting molecules (e.g. antibodies, peptides), nuclear localization signals and chelators, in most cases radiolabelled with high molar activity with indium-111 or iodine-125 (Gharibkandi et al 2022 ). Additionally, in some of the considered works sense/antisense sequences, PEG or other moieties aimed to improve target recognition and cell internalization rate were also part of the whole radiobiological conjugate.…”