Nanosecond electrical explosion of thin aluminum wires in a vacuum: Experimental and computational investigations

Sarkisov, G. S.; Rosenthal, S.E.; Cochrane, Kyle; Struve, K.W.; Deeney, C.; McDaniel, D. H.

doi:10.1103/physreve.71.046404

Cited by 129 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…that accompany these wire explosions, and their important applications (bright source of radiation, fast opening switches, etc.). [1][2][3][4][5] Different electrical, optical, spectroscopic, and x-ray diagnostic methods have been developed and used to study and characterize the time-dependent evolution of the exploding matter. Optical diagnostics are effective to measure the radius of the boundary of the exploding wire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Sheftman

Shafer

Efimov

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source was developed as a diagnostic tool for imaging underwater exploding wires. A ~4 ns width pulse of hard x-rays with energies of up to 100 keV was obtained from the discharge in a vacuum diode consisting of point-shaped tungsten electrodes. To improve contrast and image quality, an external pulsed magnetic field produced by Helmholtz coils was used. High resolution x-ray images of an underwater exploding wire were obtained using a sensitive x-ray CCD detector, and were compared to optical fast framing images. Future developments and application of this diagnostic technique are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Sheftman

Shafer

Efimov

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Thus, one should take special measures to suppress surface breakdown. A significant increase in energy deposition into a metal core prior to the plasma corona formation was demonstrated in experiments by Sarkisov et al [9][10][11] using special dielectric coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Addressing water vaporization in the vicinity of an exploding wire

Grinenko

Gurovich

Krasik

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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The phase state of thin (∼1μm) layer of water adjacent to the surface of rapidly heated thin wire 100±50μm in radius is analyzed by computer hydrodynamic calculation. It is shown that when heating of a wire to a temperature of 420°C is achieved in less than ∼500ns, the trajectory of the phase state is contained in the liquid part of the phase diagram. This suggests additional proof of and an explanation for the absence of shunting plasma discharge in fast underwater electrical wire explosions.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, maintaining controlled parameters under these conditions has proved to be a constant challenge amongst researchers. Further, using EWs, it has been observed that non-negligible avalanche-type increases in electrical conductivity are associated with the application of an electric field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field enhanced conductivity in strongly coupled dense metal plasma

Stephens

Neuber

2012

Physics of Plasmas

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Experimentation with dense metal plasma has shown that non-negligible increases in plasma conductivity are induced when a relatively low electric field ($6 kV/cm) is applied. Existing conductivity models assume that atoms, electrons, and ions all exist in thermal equilibrium. This assumption is invalidated by the application of an appreciable electric field, where electrons are accelerated to energies comparable to the ionization potential of the surrounding atoms. Experimental data obtained from electrically exploded silver wire is compared with a finite difference hydrodynamic model that makes use of the SESAME equation-of-state database. Free electron generation through both thermal and electric field excitations, and their effect on plasma conductivity are applied and discussed. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.Transport behavior in plasma has been under investigation for several decades. Initially developed models such as the Spitzer conductivity model 1 and the Braginskii formulas 2 are well known and proven within their range of validity (low density and high temperature). However, it is recognized that for high density, strongly coupled plasmas, as is experienced in many metal plasma experiments, these models produce largely inaccurate results. Hence, researchers have invested significant effort towards developing a more comprehensive method for theoretically evaluating the charge transport behavior in metal plasma.The Lee-More conductivity model 3 is one of the most widely applied conductivity models capable of producing semi-accurate approximations for strongly coupled nondegenerate and degenerate plasmas. More recently, further advance with this model has expanded the range of validity and increased the overall accuracy of the conductivity approximations in the lower temperature ranges (T < 3 eV). 4The Rinker model 5 which applies the Ziman theory 6 to capture the transport behavior of strongly coupled plasma is another proven method for predicting plasma transport coefficients. This model is adopted to derive the conductivity data for the Los Alamos National Laboratory SESAME database that is utilized in the hydrodynamic (HD) model used in this paper.Similar studies by Fortov and Iakubov 7 apply a modified Saha equation where the pressure ionization is incorporated directly into the ideal Saha equation to evaluate the degree of ionization, which is incorporated into a transport cross-section conductivity model for the strongly coupled plasma.The application of exploding wires (EWs) for the confirmation of these theoretically derived transport properties is also well known and applied. 8-14 However, maintaining controlled parameters under these conditions has proved to be a constant challenge amongst researchers. Further, using EWs, it has been observed that non-negligible avalanche-type increases in electrical conductivity are associated with the application of an electric field. [15][16][17] In each of the discussed conductivity models, it is assumed that any electric field is kept sufficiently...

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Nanosecond electrical explosion of thin aluminum wires in a vacuum: Experimental and computational investigations

Cited by 129 publications

References 15 publications

Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Addressing water vaporization in the vicinity of an exploding wire

Electric field enhanced conductivity in strongly coupled dense metal plasma

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