Nanoscale X-ray imaging of ageing in automotive lithium ion battery cells

Rahe, Christiane; Kelly, Stephen T.; Rad, Mansoureh Nourozi; Sauer, Dirk Uwe; Mayer, Joachim; Figgemeier, Egbert

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.039

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Furthermore, the work of Tang et al has shown that lithium plating occurs preferentially at electrodes edges of LIBs due to geometrics effects, which generates overpotential at the edges of the electrodes and leads to conditions which favor lithium plating [8]. Other investigations by Rahe et al using Nano X-Ray tomography show particle cracks and current-collector corrosion on the cathode side [9], which also leads to a local pressure increase and strongly influences the porosity and thus the tortuosity of the active, cathode and anode, as well as the passive, separator, materials. Another effect observed by Waldmann et al is that mechanical deformations occur at the jelly roll of a round cell at the end of lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Mortem Analysis of Inhomogeneous Induced Pressure on Commercial Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells and Their Effects

Fuchs¹,

Willenberg²,

Ringbeck³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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This work conducts a post-mortem analysis of a cycled commercial lithium-ion pouch cell under an induced inhomogeneous pressure by using a stainless-steel sphere as a force transmitter to induce an inhomogeneous pressure distribution on a cycled lithium-ion battery. After the cycling, a macroscopic and microscopic optical analysis of the active and passive materials was executed. Also, scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze active material particles. The sphere shape results in a heterogenic pressure distribution on the lithium-ion battery and induces a ring of locally high electrochemical activity, which leads to lithium plating. Furthermore, a surface layer found on the anode, which is a possible cause of electrolyte degradation at the particle–electrolyte interface. Significant deformation and destruction of particles by the local pressure was observed on the cathode. The analysis results validate previous simulations and theories regarding lithium plating on edge effects. These results show that pressure has a strong influence on electrolyte-soaked active materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Mortem Analysis of Inhomogeneous Induced Pressure on Commercial Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells and Their Effects

Fuchs¹,

Willenberg²,

Ringbeck³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…This question was also stated in Figure 3. The performance of battery packs, mostly Li-Ion batteries, are discussed in terms of aging in [55,57,[90][91][92][93], in terms of temperature impact in [94,95] and also of state of balance/ health [96], in terms of both aging and temperature of operation in [56], in terms of both aging and sizing in [97], and in terms of both aging and energy management/power estimation in [98][99][100]. Also, the experimental settlement has a strong influence on the outcomes reported, and for that reason we can find out contradictory results in many papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…term) 4,5 Seconds-hours (short term, <1 h) 4 Hours-months 4, ** Minutes-days 4,5 Discharge time at power rating seconds-hours (up to 10 h) 4 * Response time refers to reactivity of fuel cells (FCs) after the startup period, which depends on the FC type, ** storage duration depends on the reservoir capacity, 1 according to reference [48], 2 according to reference [49], 3 according to reference [47], 4 according to reference [34], 5 according to reference [50], 6 according to reference [51]. [52], 2 according to reference [53], 3 according to reference [54], 4 according to reference [55], 5 according to reference [56], 6 according to reference [57], 7 according to reference [49], 8 according to reference [45], 9 according to reference [58], 10 according to reference [59], 11 according to reference [60], 12 according to reference [61], 13 according to reference [62], 14 according to references [62][63][64]. [65], 3 according to reference …”

Section: Performance Analysis Of Main Storage Solutions For Pevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu¹,

Borza²

2019

Sustainability

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As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system's components and application's actuators.Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

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“…As lithium-ion batteries have become ubiquitous in various energy storage applications, there are still numerous concerns about safety, performance, and degradation. While these concerns are observed at the battery macroscale, their origins are at the micro-or mesoscales, * Corresponding author: sarobersandia.gov where SEI growth, electrolyte decomposition, microcracking, and composite binder delamination often occur [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. At these scales, in-situ experimentation and visualization can be difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

Ferraro¹,

Trembacki²,

Brunini³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Battery electrodes are composed of polydisperse particles and a porous, composite binder domain. These materials are arranged into a complex mesostructure whose morphology impacts both electrochemical performance and mechanical response. We present image-based, particle-resolved, mesoscale finite element model simulations of coupled electrochemical-mechanical performance on a representative NMC electrode domain. Beyond predicting macroscale quantities such as half-cell voltage and evolving electrical conductivity, studying behaviors on a per-particle and per-surface basis enables performance and material design insights previously unachievable. Voltage losses are primarily attributable to a complex interplay between interfacial charge transfer kinetics, lithium diffusion, and, locally, electrical conductivity. Mesoscale heterogeneities arise from particle polydispersity and lead to material underutilization at high current densities. Particle-particle contacts, however, reduce heterogeneities by enabling lithium diffusion between connected particle groups. While the porous composite binder domain (CBD) may have slower ionic transport and less available area for electrochemical reactions, its high electrical conductivity makes it the preferred reaction site late in electrode discharge. Mesoscale results are favorably compared to both experimental data and macrohomogeneous models. This work enables improvements in materials design by providing a tool for optimization of particle sizes, CBD morphology, and manufacturing conditions.

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Nanoscale X-ray imaging of ageing in automotive lithium ion battery cells

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Post-Mortem Analysis of Inhomogeneous Induced Pressure on Commercial Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells and Their Effects

Post-Mortem Analysis of Inhomogeneous Induced Pressure on Commercial Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells and Their Effects

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

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