Nanoparticles Assembled CdIn2O4 Spheres with High Sensing Properties towards n-Butanol

Abstract

Cd/In-glycerate spheres are synthesized through a simple solvothermal method. After thermal treatment, these Cd/In-glycerates can be converted into CdIn 2 O 4 spheres. Many characterization methods were performed to reveal the microstructure and morphology of the CdIn 2 O 4 . It was found that pure CdIn 2 O 4 phase was obtained for the Cd/In starting materials at ratios of 1:1.6. The CdIn 2 O 4 spheres are composed by a large number of nanoparticles subunits. The CdIn 2 O 4 sphere-based sensor exhibited a low detection limit (1 ppm), high response (81.20 to 500 ppm n-butanol), fast response (4 s) and recovery (10 s) time, good selectivity, excellent repeatability, and stability at 280 • C. Our findings highlight the possibility to develop a novel gas sensor based on CdIn 2 O 4 for application in n-butanol detection with high performance.

In2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Hierarchical Structures for n-Butanol Sensor

“…The response time of the ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 nanorods (55 s) is longer than that of the as-prepared In 2 O 3 –ZnO (5 s) . The responses of the as-prepared In 2 O 3 –ZnO sensor toward 10 and 100 ppm n -butanol were 18 and 218.3, which are much higher than the values of the previous reports. ,,,− Response–recovery times are much shorter than those of the reported ZnO-based n -butanol sensors …”

“…The mechanism of the gas sensing of ZnO is usually explained using the surface resistance control model. , In the air atmosphere, an electronic depletion layer and a space charge layer are formed on the sensing materials due to the sensing reactions (eqs –) . Therefore, the sensor has a high electronic resistance in the air.…”

“…Therefore, the sensor has a high electronic resistance in the air. In n -butanol, the thicknesses of the electronic depletion layer and the space charge layer are decreased because of the backfilling of the electron and the consumption of space charge during the reactions (eqs and ) . Therefore, the sensor has a low electronic resistance in the test gas atmosphere. To investigate the mechanism of the improved gas-sensing performance, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL), TEM, and UV–vis spectrum of the In 2 O 3 –ZnO hierarchical structures were carried out.…”

“…52,53 In the air atmosphere, an electronic depletion layer and a space charge layer are formed on the sensing materials due to the sensing reactions (eqs 1−4). 49 Therefore, the sensor has a high electronic resistance in the air. In n-butanol, the thicknesses of the electronic depletion layer and the space charge layer are decreased because of the backfilling of the electron and the consumption of space charge during the reactions (eqs 5 and 6).…”

“…n -Butanol is now used widely as a solvent, extraction agent, or surfactant for paints, plasticizers, and biochemical drugs. − However, due to its stimulating and narcotic nature, n -butanol steam may cause drowsiness and dizziness and may damage eyes, respiratory system, and skin. − In addition, n -butanol is flammable and explosive when mixed with other organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether . Therefore, the development of the n -butanol sensor is very meaningful to workers’ health and production safety.…”