Nanoparticle-Stabilized Carbon Dioxide Foam Used In Enhanced Oil Recovery: Effect of Different Ions and Temperatures

Abstract

Summary This paper reports the study of the effect of different ions (monovalent, bivalent, and multiple ions) on nanosilica-stabilized carbon dioxide (CO2) foam generation. CO2 foam was generated by coinjecting CO2/5,000 ppm nanosilica dispersion (dispersed in different concentrations of brine) into a sandstone core under 1,500 psi and at different temperatures. A sapphire observation cell was used to determine the foam texture and foam stability. Pressure drop across the core was measured to estimate the foam mobility. The results indicated that more CO2 foam was generated as the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration increased from 1.0 to 10%. In addition, the foam bubble became smaller and foam stability improved with the increase in NaCl concentration. The CO2-foam mobility decreased from 13.1 to 2.6 md/cp when the NaCl concentration increased from 1 to 10%. For the bivalent ions, the generated CO2-foam mobility decreased from 19.7 to 4.8 md/cp when CaCl2 concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0%. Synthetic produced water with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 18,583 ppm was prepared to investigate the effect of multiple ions on foam generation. The results showed that stable CO2 foam was generated as the synthetic produced water and nanosilica dispersion/CO2 flowed through a porous medium. The lifetime of the foam was observed to be more than 2 days as the foam stood at room temperature. Mobility of the foam was calculated as 5.2 md/cp.

Experimental research of stability of emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles

“…На сегодняшний день исследовательские группы по всему миру ве-дут лабораторные тестирования технологических жидкостей с содер-жанием наночастиц различных минералов [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] для их применения в МУН и ИДН. Разработанные технологические жидкости с новыми фи-зико-химическими свойствами должны отвечать следующим основным требованиям: экологичность, селективность и экономическая эффек-тивность.…”

Investigation of Properties Alternation during Super-Critical CO2 Injection in Shale

“…In order to acquire the surface area, two main parameters were required. The slope, which is, = − 1 (5) and the intercept, which is,…”

“…The boom of Bakken formation in North America is limited by the effective recovery method even with the recent advancement of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology utilization [1]. Since then, the CO 2 flooding method has been proposed as the potential way to increase the recovery factor for the unconventional shale reservoir in the Bakken formation, especially combined with the advanced water-alternating-gas (CO 2 -WAG) and CO 2 huff and puff technologies [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Meanwhile, the injection of the supercritical CO 2 into the shale and coal bed methane reservoir would assist the emission reduction of greenhouse gases [8][9][10].…”

Enhanced stability and high temperature-tolerance of CO2 foam based on a long-chain viscoelastic surfactant for CO2 foam flooding

“…One is to reduce the ability of CO 2 to permeate through foam lms, via increasing the amount of adsorbed surfactant at the foam lm by addition of some synergic agents, or via reducing the contact area of CO 2 -liquid phase by adding nanoparticles to the dispersion solutions. [19][20][21][22][23] The other is to reduce the drainage velocity of foam lm by endowing viscoelastic properties of the aqueous solution, such as adding polymers or mixture of anionic surfactants to form worm-like micelles. [24][25][26] Recently, one developed a series of CO 2 switchable wormlike micellar system fabricated by a long-chain amine-based compound in the presence of CO 2 .…”