Nanomaterials in neuromodulation: what is the potential?

In vitro cell models merging circadian rhythms and brain waves for personalized neuromedicine

“… 65 , 66 , 67 The intranasal delivery of potential “oscillotherapeutic” drugs in CNS by means of nanoformulations ad hoc could circumvent or at least improve both the transcranial magnetic stimulation, a noninvasive therapeutic, but lacking targeting precision and adequate penetration when deep subcortical structures are concerned, and deep brain stimulation, a more potent but invasive surgical procedure that carries the potential risk of complications. 68 …”

Wireless Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus with Nanoparticles Modulates Key Monoaminergic Systems Similar to Contemporary Deep Brain Stimulation

“…Among others, several noninvasive neurostimulation techniques have been investigated and used, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, or transcranial alternating current stimulation for neurological and psychological diseases [13,14]. However, these techniques lack precise targeting and appropriate penetration depth of subcortical structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN) [15]. Recently, we have shown that we can stimulate deep brain targets of mice with wireless nanoelectrodes in vivo [16].…”