“…The oxidative catalytic methods have been extensively studied in various process of noble metals [gold (Au), , palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), and ruthenium (Ru) and non-noble metals [cerium (Ce), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) − ] supported heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the nonbase oxidation of HMF was studied over the Co–Mn–Br catalysts to produce high yield of FDCA. − Interestingly, a promising nonprecious manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) could act as an effective heterogeneous catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of HMF to FDCA in which the catalytic performance was determined by the oxygen vacancy formation. , Recently, calcium manganese oxide has been taken as an inspiration to achieve the goals of biomimetic oxygen-evolving catalysts and organic sulfide oxidation. − Although the calcium manganese oxides have been used to support of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) in HMF oxidation, their catalytic properties of bare support materials remain a challenge in this field to reveal the synergistic interactions . In this report, the crucial roles of the intercalation of calcium ion to the MnO 2 framework structures will be highlighted and considered for the capability, ability, and stability in the production of FDCA .…”