Nanoelectronics for Minimally Invasive Cellular Recordings

Abstract

Advances in cellular recordings using engineered devices have greatly increased our understanding in biological systems. These recordings have been an essential part in a broad variety of fields ranging from neuroscience and cardiology to cell biology and have been applied both in research and clinical applications. To provide less tissue damage, reduce foreign-body response, and enhance long-term signal stability, the engineered devices need to be minimally invasive. Pursuing these goals, recently, nanoelectronic probes with improved mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties have been developed. Moreover, innovative and automated insertion techniques of neural probes have been reported, further progressing towards a high-bandwidth brain-machine interface system. In this progress report, recent progress in materials, device designs, and implementation techniques aiming for minimally invasive cellular recordings (both in vivo and in vitro) is highlighted, and future directions in these areas are proposed.

Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics

“…The recorded AV block and pacing signals from the ITO/Au grid hybrid microelectrodes exhibit morphologies that are almost identical to those observed in the reference far-field electrodes. The recorded signals from the ITO/Au grid hybrid microelectrodes in Figure 5d further reveal that the durations of the QRS complexes can be precisely controlled by programming the blue light pulse widths (2,5,10,15, and 20 ms). This is strikingly different from electrical stimulation, which opens sodium channels with fast inactivation kinetics (≈1 ms), unlike ChR2 with opening time dependent on the duration of light pulse.…”

On-demand electrically controlled perampanel delivery from a PEDOT/SNP composite for seizure control

“…The implantation of brain–computer interface devices in the nervous system for the treatment of neurological diseases is becoming very common and neural modulation is becoming the focus of research. 41–44 Herein, we introduced a neural probe incorporating electrical-controlled drug delivery and recording capabilities. The drug was carried by sulfonated silica nanoparticles, which could deliver the AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel on demand via electrical stimulation.…”

On-demand electrically controlled melatonin release from PEDOT/SNP composite improves quality of chronic neural recording

“…The implantation of brain-computer interface devices in the nervous system for the treatment of neurological diseases is becoming very common and long-term, high-quality nerve recording electrodes are becoming the focus of research ( Zhang and Lieber, 2016 ; Ferro and Melosh, 2018 ; Pei and Tian, 2020 ; Kwon et al, 2021 ). Long-term stability of signal acquisition electrodes must meet some characteristics, such as high signal acquisition resolution, high electrochemical stability and good biocompatibility.…”