Nanodiagnostics: a new frontier for veterinary and medical sciences

Abstract

Infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to animal and human population living in the developing world. These diseases have capacity to instigate in a small area and then open out very fast to the rest of the world and causing a heavy pandemic situation, for example; avian influenza pandemic. Such diseases infect large masses of population and may lead to loss of lives and also incur huge economic losses. Therefore, the best way to control these diseases is by diagnosing it at a very primary level and taking necessary precautionary measures so as to avoid the spread. Since last few years, the diagnostic approach has changed from tedious molecular biological techniques, to easy and rapid diagnostic techniques. Nanotechnology has extended the molecular diagnostics limit to nanoscale. These developed techniques do not require sophisticated laboratories and expert personnel, and hence are a cheap diagnostic approach. These assays can also be performed at the field level where the patient is present and get the results there itself. Hence, they are also called as pen side test or lab on chip diagnostic assays. The biological tests using nanotechnology become quicker, more flexible and more sensitive. These techniques have greatly influenced the diagnostic approach in the veterinary as well as medical field. Especially in the developing countries such as India, where the laboratory services are not

Technology innovation: advancing capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

“…They can act as accurate chemical sensors (Chikkadi et al 2012). Nanobiosensors have already been developed for the agricultural and veterinary sectors to detect invasive pathogens (fungal, viral, and bacterial) in crops and animals (Lambe et al 2016;Handford et al 2014;Chen and Yada 2011). If networked and scaled, nanobiosensors may be able to detect the VOCs emitted by invasive plants, insects, and pathogens over a large area (Afsharinejad et al 2016).…”

Remediating Polluted Soils Using Nanotechnologies: Environmental Benefits and Risks

“…From the definition of nanotechnology, it is possible to observe the many benefits that this technique can bring to sciences. This technology has been reported to be beneficial in medicine [136][137][138][139][140], physics [136,141], genetics [142][143][144], and, most recently, in environmental sciences, among many other areas [123,[145][146][147]. We must highlight the fact that nanotechnologies have been reported as reliable [148], feasible [140], promising [149], practical [150], precise [151], cheap and effective [152], emerging [153], powerful [154], and economically feasible [155].…”

Zika Virus / Zika Fever : A Comprehensive Update

“…During the recent Rio Olympics and Paralympic games athletes, travelers were screened for ZIKV by urine and blood samples using real-time RT-PCR (Shadgan et al, 2016). Advanced diagnostic techniques like biosensors, nanodiagnostics, microarray, LAMP and lateral flow assay should be employed on a regular basis to know the exact status of the disease to aid in prevention and control of ZIKV (Dhama et al, 2014a;Lambe et al, 2016).…”