Nanocrystalline structural layer acts as interfacial bond in Ti/Al dissimilar joints produced by friction stir welding in power control mode

Pereira, Victor Ferrinho; Fonseca, Eduardo Bertoni da; Costa, Ana Maria Duarte Dias; Bettini, Jefferson; Lopes, Éder Sócrates Najar

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.08.031

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recently, Pereira et al 73 investigated the nanocrystalline film, which serves as an interface bonding in Ti-Al alloys of FSWed joints using the spindle power control method to decrease the HI at the joint ($0.5 kJ/mm) as shown in Figure 11. The spindle power control mode is based on the thermal balance (steady-state HI) in the SZ where the spindle power is correlated with the torque and rotation speed.…”

Section: Friction Stir Butt Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11. Comparison of FSW variables in conventional and spindle power control modes for heat input: $0.5 kJ/mm 73. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 12. (a) Precession electron diffraction crystallography orientation map, (b) correlation index, (c) phase index, and (d) reliability index þ phase mapping indicating nanometric size precipitates of Al 3 Ti IMC 73. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Gadakh¹,

Badheka

Mulay

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The dissimilar material joining of aluminum and titanium alloys is recognized as a challenge due to the significant differences in the physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties of these alloys, where the increasing demands for high strength and lightweight alloys in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Joining these two alloys using the conventional fusion techniques produces commercially unacceptable sound joints due to irregular, complex weld pool shapes, cracking and low strength, high residual stresses, cracks, and microporosity, and the brittle intermetallic compounds formation leads to poor formability or inferior mechanical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds is inevitable but it is less severe in solid-state than in the fusion welding process. Hence, this article reviews on aluminum–titanium joining using different solid-state and hybrid joining processes with emphasis on the effect of process parameters of the different processes on the weld microstructure, mechanical properties along with the type of intermetallic compounds and defects formed at the weld interface. Among the various solid-state welding processes for aluminum–titanium joining, the following grades of aluminum and titanium alloys were employed such as cp Ti, Ti6Al4V, cp Al, AA1xxx, AA 2xxx, AA5xxx, AA6xxx, AA7xxx, out of which Ti6Al4V and AA6xxx alloys are the most common combination.

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Section: Friction Stir Butt Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11. Comparison of FSW variables in conventional and spindle power control modes for heat input: $0.5 kJ/mm 73. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Gadakh¹,

Badheka

Mulay

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…The formation of intermetallic compounds at the aluminum–titanium interface is also of great concern [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Usually, intermetallic TiAl 3 has been reported to form [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], presumably due to the comparatively low free energy of the intermetallic reaction in this case [ 20 ]. However, the details of this process are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of Aluminum and Titanium

et al. 2022

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An approach was proposed to optimize dissimilar friction stir lap welding of aluminum and titanium alloys. The basic concept of the new technique included (i) the plunging of the welding tool solely into the aluminum part (i.e., no direct contact with the titanium side) and (ii) the welding at a relatively high-heat input condition. It was shown that sound welds could be readily produced using an ordinary cost-effective tool, with no tool abrasion and no dispersion of harmful titanium fragments within the aluminum side. Moreover, the intermetallic layer was found to be as narrow as ~0.1 µm, thus giving rise to excellent bond strength between aluminum and titanium. On the other hand, several important shortcomings were also revealed. First of all, the high-heat input condition provided significant microstructural changes in the aluminum part, thereby resulting in essential material softening. Furthermore, the new approach was not feasible in the case of highly alloyed aluminum alloys due to the relatively low rate of self-diffusion in these materials. An essential issue was also a comparatively narrow processing window.

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“…Dissimilar metallic structures have seen increased demand for tailored properties or weight reduction. However, joining of dissimilar metals poses challenges owing to the differences in physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties and especially the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) [1][2][3]. Copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) have been widely utilized in various industrial fields due to their high thermal and electrical conductivities, high corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Interfacial Microstructure During Resistance Spot Welding of Cu and Al With Ni-P Coating

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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Dissimilar materials of copper (Cu) to aluminum (Al) with nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coatings were joined using resistance spot welding. The Ni-P coatings were electroless plated on the Al surfaces to eliminate the formation of brittle Cu-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the faying interface of Cu to Al. Three welding schedules with various heat input were employed to produce different interfacial microstructure. The evolution of interfaces in terms of phase constitution, elemental distribution and defects (gaps and voids) was characterized and the formation mechanisms were elucidated. During the welding, the bonding between Cu and Ni-P form through solid-state diffusion, while the faster diffusion rate of Cu relative to Ni and P atoms promotes the generation of sub-micro voids. As the heat input increases, gaps at the Cu/Ni-P interface diminishes accompanied by increase of sub-micro voids. A moderate schedule helps to remove the gaps and inhibit the voids formation. An Al3Ni layer and nanovoids were found around the interface of Ni-P/Al. The increased heat input decreases the grain size of Al3Ni at the interface by eutectic remelting and increases the nanovoids by enhanced nanoscale Kirkendall effect.

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Nanocrystalline structural layer acts as interfacial bond in Ti/Al dissimilar joints produced by friction stir welding in power control mode

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Tailoring of Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of Aluminum and Titanium

Evolution of Interfacial Microstructure During Resistance Spot Welding of Cu and Al With Ni-P Coating

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