Nanocrystalline/nanoparticle ZnO synthesized by high energy ball milling process

Size effect on the melting temperature depression of Al 12 Mg 17 complex metallic alloy nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling

“…This difference could be owing to the fact of peak broadening associated to internal strain which is not considered in the Scherrer method. The measurements by the Scherrer and William-Hall methods revealed that the crystallite size of the powders decreases continuously down to 22 nm and 39 nm, respectively, with increasing milling time up to 10 h which changed to 14 nm and 16 nm as the milling time increased to 20 h. This size refinement is more rapid at the early stages (up to 10 h) of milling and follows by reaching to a steady state condition (15 h) which is similar to other investigations [33]. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from XRD patterns of powders, Fig.…”

“…5a. High rate of fractures resulted from collisions and strong impacts during the ball milling of a fragile complex metallic alloy are responsible for rapid decrease in average particle size [33]. Table 1 presents chemical compositions of as-crushed and milled Al 12 Mg 17 powders measured by EDX analysis.…”

“…Oxidation during mechanical alloying of pure active elemental powders is an inevitable phenomenon especially for synthesizing Mg-containing alloys or intermetallics therefore use of pre-alloyed powder is more appropriate. Numerous attempts have been made to synthesize different nanoparticles by planetary ball milling of micro sized powders such as ZnO nanoparticles [33].…”

Mechanochemical effects of ZnO powder in a wet super-fine grinding system as indicated by instrumental characterization

“…In contrast, reduction of crystalline size of ZnO was considerable at the very beginning of milling under a high intensity condition using a high-speed planetary ball mill (Zdujić et al, 1992). The lattice deformation observed in this study was much less than that using a high-energy ball milling process in air (Amirkhanlou et al, 2012). Thus, under wet super-fine grinding condition, the lattice deformation could be drastically reduced.…”

Effect of microwave power on energy gap of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwaving through aqueous solutions

“…Differrent morphologies of ZnO structures such as nanorods [1][2][3], nanowires [4,5], hollow spheres [6], hammershaped particles [7], nanocubes [8], nanoparticles [9,10], tetrapod [11], nanotubes [12,13] and nanocrystals [10,14] have been synthesized by both chemical and physical methods: sol-gel process [15][16][17], hydrothermal process [18][19][20], thermal evaporation [3,7,9,11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [6,21,22], ultrasonicassisted synthesis [8,14,23] and microwave radiation [24][25][26][27].…”