Nandrolone effects on men’s semen parameters in Erbil city

Sharef, Abdalmuhaimn Y.; Tawfeeq, Govand Sh.; Rasoul, Asos M.

doi:10.15218/zjms.2017.021

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Behavioral changes, depression, mood swings, and mania. 1,7,11 Acne and male pattern baldness are the most frequently reported harmful effects. Using AAS before puberty has been known to cause short stature, also increase the risk of tendon rupture and intramuscular abscess.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city

et al. 2021

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Background and objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic testosterone derivatives with a longer duration of action than physiological androgens. They are abused by bodybuilders because of their potential to enhance muscle strength. Serious medical and psychological complications may be associated with their non-medical use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids among bodybuilders and their awareness of health-related risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January 2019 to the end of July 2019 in 18 randomly selected gym centers in Erbil city, Iraq using stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 400 bodybuilders to assess the prevalence and knowledge of using Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Results: The study showed a high prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption (26.3%) among gym users in Erbil city. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use was significantly higher among participants with a longer duration of bodybuilding practice ≥4 years (P = 0.001). Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse was significantly associated with drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and using growth hormones. Trainers were the commonest source of recommendation. Conclusion: The prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse is high among bodybuilders in Erbil city. Public health awareness is essential and may help avoid the propagation of the problem. Keywords: Anabolic steroids; Gym users; Bodybuilders; Knowledge, Erbil.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city

et al. 2021

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“…The main study parameters and findings are outlined in Table 2 . There were 12 cohort studies,[ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ] 5 case–control studies,[ 26 27 28 29 30 ] 9 cross-sectional surveys[ 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ] and 6 case reports. [ 40 41 42 43 44 45 ] The total study population comprised 9371 participants including 2671 AAS users at various stages of AAS use and the remaining AAS naïve control population.…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies[ 15 22 26 27 28 29 30 ] comprising 327 participants compared the FSH in AAS users and naïve population. AAS users had significantly lower levels of FSH (SMD −4.61, 95% CI-6.50, −2.73, P < 0.00001).…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies[ 15 22 27 28 29 30 ] comprising 303 participants compared the TT in AAS users and naïve population. In some studies, the TT was higher in AAS users and in some lower.…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies ( n = 154) reported sperm concentration[ 15 29 30 ] and three ( n = 186) reported motility. [ 15 28 29 ] Sperm concentration was lower in AAS users, but the overall effect was not significant (SMD −1.27, 95% CI-2.84, 0.30, P = 0.11), with considerable heterogeneity. Karila et al .…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Mulawkar,

Maheshwari,

Gauhar

et al. 2023

Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences

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Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are often used by men for bodybuilding and to improve sports performance. The use is not limited to professional competitive athletes, but many amateur men. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and systematically review the effects of AAS on male fertility parameters, spermiogram, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) and to review reversibility and other morbidity impacting fertility. Methods: Eligibility criteria - We included studies mentioning data about adult males using supraphysiologic doses of AAS for sports performance or appearance enhancement, with comparison data from general population or matched controls if available reporting fertility parameters and sexual performance. Information sources - A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and World of Science. Controlled clinical trials randomised or nonrandomised (if available), case series with or without matched controls, case reports, cross-sectional surveys, reports on follow-up of subjects caught in doping test and their fertility parameters when reported. Risk of bias/quality assessment - The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Included studies - Thirty-two studies were included. There were 12 cohort studies, 5 case–control studies, 9 cross-sectional surveys and 6 case reports. The study population comprised 9371 individuals, of which 2671 were AAS users. Synthesis of results - AAS users had reduced levels of FSH and LH than the naïve population. These levels remained low for 3–6 months after stopping AAS. One year after stopping AAS, the users and naïve population had insignificant differences in FSH and LH values. The total testosterone (TT) levels were comparable in users and naïve populations at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after stopping, but at 1 year, TT values were lower in AAS users. Sperm concentration in AAS users and naïve population was similar, but sperm motility was lower in AAS users. The testicular size was lower in AAS users. The erectile function improved with AAS use, but on withdrawal, there was decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. Most AAS users need additional medications to mitigate detrimental effects on fertility. Description of the effect - AAS use negatively impacted the gonadotrophin levels and had lower sperm motility and testicular size. Strength - Comprehensive review of 32 publications, study population of 9371 individuals, of which 2671 were AAS users, meta-analysis of reproductive hormones, semen parameters and testis size. Limitations: The limitations are small sample size of most of the studies, polypharmacy, lack of information on dosing and high heterogeneity. Interpretation: AAS use is detrimental for sperm motility and has a partially reversible negative impact on male fertility. Users must be cautioned about its negative impact on libido and erectile function. Registration: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42023411294.

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