Nalidixic Acid-Resistant
            <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Serotype Typhi Presenting as a Primary Psoas Abscess: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Shakespeare, William A.; Davie, Daniel; Tonnerre, Claude; Rubin, Michael; Strong, Michael; Petti, Cathy A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.2.996-998.2005

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although clinical failures to treat nalidixic acid-resistant Shigella infection with fluoroquinolones have not been reported, clinicians should be aware that failures have been reported for Salmonella infections caused by strains that were resistant to nalidixic acid and had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (13,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

Sivapalasingam

Joyce

Hoekstra

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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Shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the United States, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. Since 1999, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria has tested every 10th Shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. From 1999 to 2002, NARMS tested 1,604 isolates. Among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were Shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) were Shigella flexneri, 18 (1%) were Shigella boydii, and 7 (0.4%) were Shigella dysenteriae. Overall, 1,251 (78%) were resistant to ampicillin and 744 (46%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Prevalence of TMP-SMX-or ampicillin-and TMP-SMX-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates varied by geographic region, with lower rates in the South and Midwest regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 27% and 30%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 25% and 22%, respectively) and higher rates in the East and West regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 66% and 80%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 54% and 65%, respectively). Nineteen isolates (1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (1% of S. sonnei and 2% of S. flexneri isolates); 12 (63%) of these isolates had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. One S. flexneri isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Since 1986, resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMX has dramatically increased. Shigella isolates in the United States remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

Sivapalasingam

Joyce

Hoekstra

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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“…Studies have shown that Vi antigen may be important in the survival of the bacterium within macrophages though this may not be in cellular invasion of the macrophage or the intestinal wall (14,30). Unlike most other serovars, Salmonella typhi expresses the Vi polysaccharide capsule, an important virulent factor.…”

Section: Molecular and Biologic Features Of Salmonella Typhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhi: from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

2008

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Salmonella (S.) typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever. The pathogen has been around for many years and many studies have been done in an effort to combat it. Molecular and biologic features of S. typhi and host factors and immune responses involved in Salmonella invasion have been extensively studies. Vaccines that have been developed most notably are Vi polysaccharide and Ty21a. However, as the results show, there is still a long way to go. It is also shown that multi-drug resistance has occurred to the few available antibiotics. More and more studies have shown that Salmonella can be used as a vaccine vector carrying antigens of other pathogens. This has been promising in that the immune system can be elicited in response to both the Salmonella bacteria and the antigen of the pathogen in question. This review aims to highlight some of the milestones attained in the fight against the disease from the time S. typhi was seen as a pathogen causing typhoid fever to the use of Salmonella as a vaccine vector. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(2):91-97.

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“…Studies conducted in the 1990s revealed significant increases in resistance to the most frequent antibiotic used against Salmonella, nalidixic acid (48). As the clinical outcome for patients infected with resistant strains is poor (13), new therapies must be sought out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%