Myths of Tinnitus

Grossan, Murray

doi:10.24983/scitemed.aohns.2017.00002

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Abnormal sensory integration in the DCN is clinically relevant due to the prevalence of temporomandibular tinnitus (Levine, 1999;Grossan and Peterson, 2017). Other forms of mechanical tinnitus are also attributed to aberrant activity in the DCN (Han et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Cortical Neuron Markers to Target Cells in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus

Malfatti

Ciralli

Hilscher

et al. 2021

eNeuro

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The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a region of particular interest for auditory and tinnitus research. Yet, lack of useful genetic markers for in vivo manipulations hinders elucidation of the DCN contribution to tinnitus pathophysiology. This work assesses whether adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) containing the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 alpha (CaMKIIα) promoter and a mouse line of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 2 subunit (Chrna2)-Cre can target specific DCN populations. We found that CaMKIIα cannot be used to target excitatory fusiform DCN neurons as labelled cells showed diverse morphology indicating they belong to different classes of DCN neurons. Light stimulation after driving Channelrhodopsin2 by the CaMKIIα promoter generated spikes in some units but firing rate decreased when light stimulation coincided with sound. Expression and activation of CaMKIIα-eArchaerhodopsin3.0 in the DCN produced inhibition in some units but sound-driven spikes were delayed by concomitant light stimulation. We explored the existence of Cre+ cells in the DCN of Chrna2-Cre mice by hydrogel embedding technique (CLARITY). There were almost no Cre+ cell bodies in the DCN; however, we identified profuse projections arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Anterograde labeling in the VCN revealed projections to the ipsilateral superior olive and contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (bushy cells); and a second bundle terminating in the DCN, suggesting the latter to be excitatory Chrna2+ T-stellate cells. Exciting Chrna2+ cells increased DCN firing. This work shows that cortical molecular tools may be useful for manipulating the DCN especially for tinnitus studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Cortical Neuron Markers to Target Cells in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus

Malfatti

Ciralli

Hilscher

et al. 2021

eNeuro

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“…The American Tinnitus Association estimates that 10 million people suffer from tinnitus. [5] In India, according to recent research, the prevalence of tinnitus is 6.7% among the Indian adult population. [6] Treatment for tinnitus in modern science includes cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), antidepressants, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, gingko biloba, and hearing aids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis of Karnakshweda with its Modern Aspect

Pragati Pandole,

Ch. Ramadevi,

K. Anasuya

2023

Int J Ayu Pharm Res

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Shalakyatantra, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda deals with diseases above the level of the clavicle, i.e., Urdhwajatru. In that, there are twenty-eight Karnarogas as described by Acharya Sushruta, Yogratnakara, and Bhavprakasha. Karnaksweda is one of the Karnaroga that resembles Karnanada, but there is vitiation of Pittadi doshas with a predominance of Vata in the channels of Karna, leading to the generation of Venughoshavata, i.e., flute-like sound, because of different etiological factors like Dhatu Kshayaa, Ruksha Bhojana, etc. In modern science, tinnitus is described as an unwanted auditory perception of internal origin, usually localised, and rarely heard by others. It can be subjective, when experience is of the individual alone, or, less commonly, objective. It, moreover, acts as a symptom rather than a disease with multifactorial etiology. Karnakshweda can be specifically correlated with cochlear synaptic tinnitus, i.e., tinnitus due to inner ear causes. The majority of cases of tinnitus are subjective; objective tinnitus is far less common. Treatment for Karnaksweda is described as the same as for Karnanada, which includes Vatahar Chikitsa, Snehana, Dhoomapana, Karnapoorana, etc., but there is no specific treatment for Tinnitus in modern science because of idiopathic etiopathogenesis. Ayurveda is a more effective science for the management of diseases like tinnitus.

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“…The pathogenesis of tinnitus is complex and often multifactorial, recognizing pathologies of the outer ear (excessive earwax, tympanic membrane injuries or infections), middle ear (i.e., acute or chronic infections, otosclerosis, injuries due to heavy noise exposure, ototoxic drugs usage, middle ear tumors such as glomus tympanicum, muscle spasms, Eustachian tube dysfunction), inner ear (Meniere disease, cochlear injuries, agerelated hearing loss or presbycusis), acoustic nerve pathologies (vestibular schwannoma, acoustic neuroma, conflict with itracranial arteries), as well as a kaleidoscope of other causal factors, some located in the nearby tissues (e.g., disorders or malformations of blood vessels, ostemalacia, Paget's disease, cerebellopontine-angle tumors, temporomandibular joint disorder), others relatively far from the hearing apparatus such as hyperactivity of auditory brain neurons, multiple sclerosis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, dural blood vessels abnormalities, head and/or neck injuries, musculoskeletal cervical imbalance, anemia, hypertiroidism and hypertension, along with somatoform or phobic disorders [9][10][11]. Notably, although it is important to remember that tinnitus is always a symptom of an underlying pathology and not a disease in itself, the clinical cause(s) or the triggering factor(s) often remain frequently conjectural or even completely unidentifiable [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D concentration is lower in patients with tinnitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Nocini¹,

Henry²,

Mattiuzzi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Tinnitus is a highly prevalent and frequently disabling condition, such that the identification of possible causal mechanisms would yield significant clinical and social benefits. Since vitamin D (Vit D) is involved in the pathogenesis of several ear disturbances, we review here the current scientific literature addressing the relationship between Vit D status and tinnitus. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with the keywords “tinnitus” and “Vitamin D” or “Vit D” or “25OH-D” or “cholecalciferol” or “ergocalciferol” or “hydroxycholecalciferol”, without date (i.e., up to November 10, 2022) or language restrictions, in accordance with a protocol based on the transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist, for identifying studies which assayed serum Vit D concentration in patients with or without tinnitus. Results: Three observational, case-control studies encompassing four cohorts and totaling 468 patients with (n=268) or without tinnitus (n=200) were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis with quality effects models evidenced significantly reduced serum Vit D levels in patients with tinnitus compared to those without (weighted mean difference [WMD], -6.2 ng/mL; 95%CI, -10.3 to -2.1 ng/mL; I2, 56%). Serum Vit D was found to be 22% lower in patients with tinnitus compared to those without. Conclusions: Lower serum Vit D levels may be associated with tinnitus, thus paving the way to plan future trials aimed at exploring whether Vit D supplementation may aid in preventing and/or improving tinnitus.

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Myths of Tinnitus

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Using Cortical Neuron Markers to Target Cells in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus

Using Cortical Neuron Markers to Target Cells in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus

Critical Analysis of Karnakshweda with its Modern Aspect

Serum vitamin D concentration is lower in patients with tinnitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

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