Myoprotective whole foods, muscle health and sarcopenia in older adults

Abstract

Purpose of review Sarcopenia increases in prevalence at older ages and may be exacerbated by poor diet. Whole foods rich in specific nutrients may be myoprotective and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Here we review recent evidence published from observational and intervention studies regarding myoprotective foods and explore their benefit for the prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia in older adults. Recent findings We found limited new evidence for the role of whole foods in sarcopenia and sarcopenia components (muscle mass, strength, physical performance). There was some evidence for higher consumption of protein-rich foods (milk and dairy) being beneficial for muscle strength in observational and intervention studies. Higher consumption of antioxidant-rich foods (fruit and vegetables) was associated with better physical performance and lower odds of sarcopenia in observational studies. Evidence for other protein- and antioxidant-rich foods were inconsistent or lacking. There remains a clear need for intervention studies designed to identify the role of whole foods for the treatment of sarcopenia. Summary Although evidence for myoprotective roles of dairy, fruit and vegetables is emerging from observational studies, higher level evidence from intervention studies is needed for these foods to be recommended in diets of older adults to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia.