Myopia of Prematurity*

Fletcher, Mary C.; Brandon, Sylvan

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(55)90548-1

Cited by 95 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The finding of myopia in partial RLF has been noted previously (Fletcher and Brandon, 1955;Zacharias et al, 1962). In this study, there was a significant association between RLF and myopia with degrees of myopia ranging from -3 to -26 diopters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The degree of neovascularization was dependent upon the maturity of the retina, the oxygen concentration, and the duration of exposure (Ashton and Cook, 1954 (Owens, 1953). Previous studies on surviving infants with lesser grades of retrolental scarring have shown myopia to be a frequent association (Fletcher and Brandon, 1955;Zacharias, Chisholm, and Chapman, 1962). No Each of the 52 young adults seen was studied ophthalmoscopically using a direct ophthalmoscope after dilatation of the pupil with 0 5°,h cyclopentolate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Artery Tortuosity in ex-Premature Infants: 18-year Follow-up on Eyes of Premature Infants

Jd¹

1971

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Artery Tortuosity in ex-Premature Infants: 18-year Follow-up on Eyes of Premature Infants

Jd¹

1971

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Myopia is a frequent finding in preterm babies during the first weeks after birth [3,6,7] as well as during their later life [2,4,6,11,12,[15][16][17]. Myopia of prematurity (MOP) has been repeatedly observed in association with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) [6,[8][9][10]17] and its prevalence increases with decreasing birth weight or gestational age, respectively [3,6,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis: Myopia of prematurity is caused by postnatal bone mineral deficiency

Pohlandt

1994

Eur J Pediatr

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Myopia is a frequent finding in preterm children. The close association between myopia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) suggested a causal relationship, but myopia of prematurity without ROP has yet to be explained. An alternative explanation is presented: myopia is caused by postnatal ellipsoid deformation of the spheric eyeball, i.e. excessive elongation of the optical, as a result of a dolichocephalic deformation of the skull with a short frontal axis. This deformation of the skull is the direct result of bone mineral deficiency frequently observed in very low birth weight infants with increasing postnatal age. This hypothesis is supported by the results of a historical comparison of very low birth weight infants without and with supplementation with calcium and phosphorus that was given in order to prevent postnatal bone mineral deficiency. In the unsupplemented group 4 of 23 children (61%) needed spectacles but only 6 out of 55 (11%) children who were supplemented as babies (questionnaire). Refraction measurements showed myopia stronger than -1 o.d. in group 1 in 5 of 14 infants, whereas in group 2 only 2 out of 22 infants were myopic (P < 0.05).

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“…The refractive outcomes of prematurity, both without [2][3][4][5][6] and with ROP, [4][5][6] have been established. The myopia in children born prematurely without ROP, termed myopia of prematurity, [3][4][5][6][7] is negatively correlated with birth weight and gestational age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Monotherapy Compared With Conventional Laser Treatment

et al. 2014

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for the BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group IMPORTANCE Children born prematurely who develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) often develop myopia, and those who require laser treatment may develop very high myopia, which has considerable clinical consequences.OBJECTIVE To report refractive outcomes in preterm infants who developed ROP in zone I or zone II posterior as stage 3+ ROP or aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSAll infants received intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy in a prospective, stratified, randomized, controlled, masked, multicenter clinical trial, Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat for ROP (BEAT-ROP). Children who received intravitreal bevacizumab or laser in the BEAT-ROP clinical trial, with treatment randomized by infant, underwent cycloplegic retinoscopic refraction at a mean age of 2½ years. Fifteen centers with both pediatric and vitreoretinal ophthalmologists participating in level 3 neonatal intensive care units in academic centers with institutional review board approval were included in the trial. Of the originally enrolled 150 infants (300 eyes) in the BEAT-ROP clinical trial, 13 infants (26 eyes) died (6 received intravitreal bevacizumab; 7 received laser) and 19 eyes had intraocular surgery (6 infants bilaterally). Thus, 45 eyes (19 infants bilaterally) were excluded, leaving 131 infants (255 eyes, including 21 eyes that received a successful second treatment for recurrence).INTERVENTIONS Follow-up of the BEAT-ROP cohort. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Spherical equivalent refractive outcomes and their distribution by ROP zone and treatment.RESULTS Refractions were available for 109 of 131 eligible infants (83.2%) and 211 of 255 eyes (82.7%). Mean (SD) spherical equivalent refractions were as follows: zone I, −1.51 (3.42) diopters (D) in 52 eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab and −8.44 (7.57) D in 35 eyes that received laser treatment (P < .001); and zone II posterior, −0.58 (2.53) D in 58 eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab and −5.83 (5.87) D in 66 eyes that received laser treatment (P < .001). Very high myopia (Ն−8.00 D) occurred in zone I in 2 of 52 (3.8%) eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab and in 18 of 35 (51.4%) eyes that received laser treatment (P < .001). Very high myopia occurred in zone II posterior in 1 of 58 (1.7%) eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab and in 24 of 66 (36.4%) eyes that received laser treatment (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE More very high myopia was found in eyes that received laser treatment than in eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab. This difference is possibly related to anterior segment development that is present with intravitreal bevacizumab but minimal or absent following laser treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00622726

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Myopia of Prematurity*

Cited by 95 publications

References 3 publications

Retinal Artery Tortuosity in ex-Premature Infants: 18-year Follow-up on Eyes of Premature Infants

Retinal Artery Tortuosity in ex-Premature Infants: 18-year Follow-up on Eyes of Premature Infants

Hypothesis: Myopia of prematurity is caused by postnatal bone mineral deficiency

Refractive Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Monotherapy Compared With Conventional Laser Treatment

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