Myelin Restoration: Progress and Prospects for Human Cell Replacement Therapies

Potter, Gregory B.; Rowitch, David H.; Petryniak, Magdalena A.

doi:10.1007/s00005-011-0120-7

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Overall, the data presented in this article provide evidence for the use of Tf in the culture media to improve cell amplification of SVZ-derived cells, considering their implications in the upcoming field of NSC (neural stem cell) replacement therapies for CNS diseases (Low et al, 2008; Kim and de Vellis, 2009; Buchet et al, 2011; Feng and Gao, 2012; Gögel et al, 2011; Potter et al, 2011). Some treatments have even been suggested for clinical trials (Trounson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neural and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells: Transferrin Effects on Cell Proliferation

Silvestroff¹,

Franco²,

Pasquini³

2013

ASN Neuro

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NSC (neural stem cells)/NPC (neural progenitor cells) are multipotent and self-renew throughout adulthood in the SVZ (subventricular zone) of the mammalian CNS (central nervous system). These cells are considered interesting targets for CNS neurodegenerative disorder cell therapies, and understanding their behaviour in vitro is crucial if they are to be cultured prior to transplantation. We cultured the SVZ tissue belonging to newborn rats under the form of NS (neurospheres) to evaluate the effects of Tf (transferrin) on cell proliferation. The NS were heterogeneous in terms of the NSC/NPC markers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), Nestin and Sox2 and the OL (oligodendrocyte) progenitor markers NG2 (nerve/glia antigen 2) and PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α). The results of this study indicate that aTf (apoTransferrin) is able to increase cell proliferation of SVZ-derived cells in vitro, and that these effects were mediated at least in part by the TfRc1 (Tf receptor 1). Since OPCs (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) represent a significant proportion of the proliferating cells in the SVZ-derived primary cultures, we used the immature OL cell line N20.1 to show that Tf was able to augment the proliferation rate of OPC, either by adding aTf to the culture medium or by overexpressing rat Tf in situ. The culture medium supplemented with ferric iron, together with aTf, increased the DNA content, while ferrous iron did not. The present work provides data that could have a potential application in human cell replacement therapies for neurodegenerative disease and/or CNS injury that require the use of in vitro amplified NPCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neural and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells: Transferrin Effects on Cell Proliferation

Silvestroff¹,

Franco²,

Pasquini³

2013

ASN Neuro

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“…Remyelination has been demonstrated in animal models to be mediated by OPCs, which migrate into the lesion, proliferate, and differentiate into mature OLs and then ensheathe the demyelinated axons. Promising cell replacement therapies based on the use of stem cells or OPCs for myelin restoration have been proposed [1,9,10]. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory network of OL differentiation and myelination are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Demyelination-Related Diseases

Yao

2012

Mol Neurobiol

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that consist of about 22 nucleotides and play critical roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, some specific miRNA, such as miR-219, miR-138, miR-9, miR-23, and miR-19b were found to participate in the regulation of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin maintenance, as well as in the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and leukodystrophy). These miRNAs control their target mRNA or regulate the protein levels of some signaling pathways, and participate in OL differentiation and the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases. During pathologic processes, the expression levels of specific miRNAs are dynamically altered. Therefore, miRNAs act as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of defects in OL differentiation and demyelination-related diseases, and they can provide potential targets for therapeutic drug development.

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“…Oligodendrocytes wrap their membrane several times around an axon to form a multilayered myelin sheath. Every oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 50 different axons [38,39]. Each step in this process of development and maturation is characterized by the expression of specific cell markers ( Figure 1A).…”

Section: Healthy Oligodendrocytes In the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oligodendroglial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Nonneman

Robberecht

Bosch

2014

Neurodegenerative Disease Management

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Healthy oligodendrocytes are crucial for neurons and abnormal functioning of these cells is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. We will focus on oligodendroglial pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neuron loss. Recent discoveries shed new light on the crucial role of oligodendrocytes in this fatal disease. We will first give an overview of the importance of good-functioning oligodendrocytes for neuronal health, in particular for motor neurons. Subsequently, we will discuss the recent data on oligodendroglial abnormalities in ALS. We conclude that oligodendrocytes should be considered as important contributors to motor neuron degeneration. As a consequence, oligodendrocytes are a promising new therapeutic target for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Myelin Restoration: Progress and Prospects for Human Cell Replacement Therapies

Cited by 17 publications

References 156 publications

Neural and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells: Transferrin Effects on Cell Proliferation

Neural and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells: Transferrin Effects on Cell Proliferation

MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Demyelination-Related Diseases

The role of oligodendroglial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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