Mycotoxin Contamination on Corn Used by Feed Mills in Indonesia

Tangendjaja, Budi; Rachmawati, Sri; Wina, Elizabeth

doi:10.21082/ijas.v9n2.2008.68-76

“…The study showed a high occurrence of contamination in complete feed, dried fish and rice hulls (100%) with an average contamination of 0.03 mg/kg or exceeding the threshold limit of 0.02 mg/kg for duck feed. The contamination of several mycotoxins was previously reported by [9] on maize from Indonesia, USA and Argentina. The results showed that Aflatoxin was the most common mycotoxin found in the corn, with 47% of the local corn samples exceeding the Indonesian Standard of Industry (0.05 mg/kg).…”

Section: The Occurrence Of Mycotoxinmentioning

confidence: 62%

Co-existence of mycotoxins in the diet of layer farms in Java Provinces of Indonesia

Sumantri,

Hidayat,

Kusumawardhani

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

0

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Mycotoxins adversely affect animal health and production. The presence of multiple mycotoxins may exert greater toxicity than exposure to a single mycotoxin. However, data on the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in animal feed is scarce, especially from Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate the co-occurrence of the major mycotoxins, namely aflatoxin B1, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and T-2 toxin. A total of 146 samples were collected from layer farms in the provinces of West Java, Central Java and East Java. Mycotoxins were determined by ELISA test using commercial ELISA kits for each mycotoxin. The results showed that there are 96% samples contaminated by multiple mycotoxins, which consisted of 51% samples containing 5 mycotoxins, 28% samples containing 4 mycotoxins, 11% samples containing 3 mycotoxins. and 5% samples containing 2 mycotoxins. This survey also showed that fumonisins is the most common mycotoxin in layer diets, found in 100% of the samples, followed by zearalenone (94%), aflatoxin B1 (88%), ochratoxin (73%) and T-2 (68%). It is concluded that the very high co-occurrence of mycotoxin contamination found in layer diets from Java provinces represents a significant risk to animal health and production due to their potential toxic interactions.

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“…For instance, maize for feed manufacture in Indonesia was separated into three grades of decreasing quality before being analysed for aflatoxin contents. The quality of the maize was determined visually on the basis of the proportions of foreign materials and mouldy, dead, or damaged kernels, as per the Indonesian grading system routinely practiced by the feed milling industry [161]. Unexpectedly, the results showed that aflatoxin concentrations increased from the best to the worst grade of the grains, suggesting that the grading system relying on visual inspection does not reflect a priori extent of contamination.…”

Section: Feed Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Benkerroum¹

2020

Preprint

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This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.

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“…For instance, maize for feed manufacture in Indonesia was separated into three grades of decreasing quality before being analysed for aflatoxin contents. The quality of the maize was determined visually on the basis of the proportions of foreign materials and mouldy, dead, or damaged kernels, as per the Indonesian grading system routinely practiced by the feed milling industry [173]. Unexpectedly, the results showed that aflatoxin concentrations increased from the best to the worst grade of the grains, suggesting that the grading system relying on visual inspection does not reflect a priori extent of contamination.…”

Section: Feed Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Benkerroum¹

2019

Preprint

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This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.

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Mycotoxin Contamination on Corn Used by Feed Mills in Indonesia

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Co-existence of mycotoxins in the diet of layer farms in Java Provinces of Indonesia

Co-existence of mycotoxins in the diet of layer farms in Java Provinces of Indonesia

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

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