Mycorrhizal Links Between Plants: Their Functioning and Ecological Significance

Newman, Edward

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60182-8

Cited by 333 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Myco-heterotrophic plants are unable to synthesise metabolites to sustain their fungi, and so are indirectly subsidised by other members of their plant community that provide energy and nutrients to their fungi (Björkman, 1960;Newman, 1988). They probably also acquire most of their water and nutrients through fungal connections (since they have few if any roots).…”

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that seedlings growing under mature trees of the same species are partially supported by shared associations (Newbery, Alexander & Rother, 2000 ;Onguene & Kuyper, 2002). However, support of seedlings by their parents is unlikely to be substantial, as only a very small proportion of tree seedlings survive (Newman, 1988 ;Newbery et al, 2000). Dickie, Koide & Steiner (2002) compared seedling establishment near trees with the same (ECM) or different mycorrhizas (VAM).…”

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of plant connections by shared fungal networks requires further study, as in most cases the transfer of substances appears to be insufficient to influence the growth and survival of plants, yet myco-heterotrophic plants are able to live entirely by this means. The ecological importance of shared hyphal networks is the focus of other reviews (Newman, 1988;Brundrett, 1991 ;Perry, 1998;Wilkinson, 1998).…”

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During succession in many habitats, NM plants are outcompeted by mycorrhizal species (Brundrett, 1991;Francis & Read, 1995 ;Brundrett & Abbott, 2002). This probably occurs because the mycorrhizal species are more efficient at acquiring limiting soil nutrients such as phosphorus (Newman, 1988 ;Brundrett, 1991), but direct antagonism of non-host plants by mycorrhizal fungi may also occur in some cases as inoculum levels increase during succession (Allen et al, 1989).…”

Section: (4 ) Antagonism (Allelopathy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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Most mycorrhizas are ' balanced ' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative ' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling ', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are ' epidermal ' or 'cortical '. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in ' morphotypes ' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.

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Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (4 ) Antagonism (Allelopathy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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“…In a review of 78 published W'orks, McGonigle (1988) found no relationship between yields and increased infection levels brought about by mycorrhizal infection of test plants. Despite these apparently anomalous results, the role that mycorrhizas play in structuring plant communities is thought to be important (St. John & Coleman, 1983) through such processes as plant competition (Fitter, 1977;Allen & Allen, 1984), phenology (Allen & Allen, 1986) and interspecific nutrient transport through hyphal links (Newman, 1988). In addition, evidence suggests that VA mycorrhizas may be important in promoting plant species diversity both in controlled experiments (Grime et al, 1987) and from field data (Newman & Reddell, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

1990

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SUMMARYThe fungicide ' Rovral' (iprodione) was applied in granular form in an attempt to reduce VA mycorrhizal infection of plants during the early stages of secondary plant succession, namely the first year of colonization of bare ground. In 7 out of 11 plant species examined, infection levels were reduced by the fungicide. Four of these also showed reduced cover abundance as a result of fungicide application. Since three were annual forbs, which as a plant lifehistory grouping comprised 73 % of the community, total cover of the vegetation (as measured by point quadrats) was significantly reduced by the fungicide. In three species, reduced infection levels did not appear to result in reduced vegetation cover. The reasons for this are discussed in relation to the dependency of plants on mycorrhizal infection. It was found that fewer plant species recruited into communities where iprodione was applied. The implications of these results, in terms of the role that mycorrhizas play in the structuring of early successional plant communities, are discussed.

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Hierarchical neighbor effects on mycorrhizal community structure and function

Moeller

Dickie

Peltzer

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Theory predicts that neighboring communities can shape one another's composition and function, for example, through the exchange of member species. However, empirical tests of the directionality and strength of these effects are rare. We determined the effects of neighboring communities on one another through experimental manipulation of a plant‐fungal model system. We first established distinct ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Douglas‐fir seedlings that were initially grown in three soil environments. We then transplanted seedlings and mycorrhizal communities in a fully factorial experiment designed to quantify the direction and strength of neighbor effects by focusing on changes in fungal community species composition and implications for seedling growth (a proxy for community function). We found that neighbor effects on the composition and function of adjacent communities follow a dominance hierarchy. Specifically, mycorrhizal communities established from soils collected in Douglas‐fir plantations were both the least sensitive to neighbor effects, and exerted the strongest influence on their neighbors by driving convergence in neighbor community composition and increasing neighbor seedling vigor. These results demonstrate that asymmetric neighbor effects mediated by ecological history can determine both community composition and function.

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Mycorrhizal Links Between Plants: Their Functioning and Ecological Significance

Cited by 333 publications

References 68 publications

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

Hierarchical neighbor effects on mycorrhizal community structure and function

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