Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation

Ferlian, Olga; Cesarz, Simone; Craven, Dylan; Hines, Jes; Barry, Kathryn E.; Bruelheide, Helge; Buscot, François; Haider, Sylvia; Heklau, Heike; Herrmann, Sylvie; Kühn, Paul; Pruschitzki, Ulrich; Schädler, Martin; Wagg, Cameron; Weigelt, Alexandra; Wubet, Tesfaye; Eisenhauer, Nico

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2226

Cited by 64 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…Given the paucity of truly well-replicated comparative studies (Table 2), particular care must be taken to consider the representativeness of experiments and to account for potential confounding effects and improve the signal-to-noise ratio inherent to field surveys (Ferlian et al, 2018). Due to the strong temperate sampling bias, several fundamental issues regarding the relative ecophysiological and functional differences among mycorrhizal types remain open to interpretation.…”

Section: (3) Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

2019

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Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in fungi and trees and their relative importance in biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review and synthesize the ecophysiological differences in ectomycorrhizal, ericoid mycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and the effect of these mycorrhizal types on soil processes from local to global scales. We demonstrate that guilds of mycorrhizal fungi display substantial differences in genome‐encoded capacity for mineral nutrition, particularly acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus from organic material. Mycorrhizal associations alter the trade‐off between allocation to roots or mycelium, ecophysiological traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, and community assembly as well as response to climate change. Mycorrhizal types exhibit differential effects on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling that affect global elemental fluxes and may mediate biome shifts in response to global change. We also note that most studies performed to date have not been properly replicated and collectively suffer from strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. We advocate that combining carefully replicated field experiments and controlled laboratory experiments with isotope labelling and ‐omics techniques offers great promise towards understanding differences in ecophysiology and ecosystem services among mycorrhizal types.

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Section: (3) Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

2019

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“…Cooperation between species helps to stabilize diverse ecosystems [71]. Trees, for example, depend on cooperative, symbiotic relationships with soil fungi (e.g., mycorrhizal associations) [72]. Human societies depend on a wide assortment of internal and external cooperative relationships.…”

Section: Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview

Boik

2020

Sustainability

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Humanity faces serious social and environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. Increasingly, scientists, global policy experts, and the general public conclude that incremental approaches to reduce risk are insufficient and transformative change is needed across all sectors of society. However, the meaning of transformation is still unsettled in the literature, as is the proper role of science in fostering it. This paper is the first in a three-part series that adds to the discussion by proposing a novel science-driven research-and-development program aimed at societal transformation. More than a proposal, it offers a perspective and conceptual framework from which societal transformation might be approached. As part of this, it advances a formal mechanics with which to model and understand self-organizing societies of individuals. While acknowledging the necessity of reform to existing societal systems (e.g., governance, economic, and financial systems), the focus of the series is on transformation understood as systems change or systems migration—the de novo development of and migration to new societal systems. The series provides definitions, aims, reasoning, worldview, and a theory of change, and discusses fitness metrics and design principles for new systems. This first paper proposes a worldview, built using ideas from evolutionary biology, complex systems science, cognitive sciences, and information theory, which is intended to serve as the foundation for the R&D program. Subsequent papers in the series build on the worldview to address fitness metrics, system design, and other topics.

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“…Furthermore, individuals in most, if not all, species display some degree of intra-and/or inter-species cooperation [69][70][71], and cooperation between species helps to stabilize diverse ecosystems [72]. Trees, for example, depend on cooperative, symbiotic relationships with soil fungi (e.g., mycorrhizal associations) [73]. Human societies depend on a wide assortment of internal and external cooperative relationships.…”

Section: Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview

Boik¹

2020

Preprint

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Humanity faces serious social and environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. Risks are increasing and conditions deteriorating. Increasingly, scientists, global policy experts, and the general public conclude that incremental approaches are insufficient and transformative change is needed across all sectors of society. However, the meaning of transformation is still unsettled in the literature, as is the proper role of science in fostering it. This paper is the first in a three-part series that adds to the discussion by proposing a novel science-driven research-and-development program aimed at societal transformation. More than a proposal, it offers a perspective and conceptual framework from which societal transformation might be approached and understood. While acknowledging the necessity of reform to existing societal systems (e.g., governance, economic, and financial systems), the focus of the series is on transformation understood as systems change or systems migration—the de novo development of and migration to new societal systems. The series provides definitions, aims, reasoning, worldview, and a theory of change, and discusses fitness metrics and design principles for new systems. This first paper proposes a worldview built using ideas from evolutionary biology, complex systems science, cognitive sciences, and information theory that is intended to serve as the foundation for the R&amp;D program.

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Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation

Cited by 64 publications

References 142 publications

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview

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