Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Its Complications

Smith, Leon G.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.10.006

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of respiratory illnesses worldwide [1–3]. Infections can result in varied disease presentations in all age groups, ranging from mild to life-threatening, and may lead to extra-pulmonary manifestations, auto-immune phenomena, and exacerbations of asthma in children and adults [2–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants

et al. 2017

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory illness worldwide. Despite a minimal and highly conserved genome, genetic diversity within the species may impact disease. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of 107 M. pneumoniae isolates, including 67 newly sequenced using the Pacific BioSciences RS II and/or Illumina MiSeq sequencing platforms. Comparative genomic analysis of 107 genomes revealed >3,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total, including 520 type-specific SNPs. Population structure analysis supported the existence of six distinct subgroups, three within each type. We developed a predictive model to classify an isolate based on whole genome SNPs called against the reference genome into the identified subtypes, obviating the need for genome assembly. This study is the most comprehensive WGS analysis for M. pneumoniae to date, underscoring the power of combining complementary sequencing technologies to overcome difficult-to-sequence regions and highlighting potential differential genomic signatures in M. pneumoniae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants

et al. 2017

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“…Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the smallest bacteria that can be grown in axenic culture and it is a frequent agent of community acquired pneumonia in humans, as well as a causative agent of severe extra-pulmonary complications [ 1 – 3 ]. This bacterium is increasingly appreciated for its role in the etiology of reactive airway diseases, such as asthma and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pneumoniae strains to colonize, replicate and persist [ 11 ]. The broad spectrum of clinical manifestations [ 1 , 2 ], its ability to evade the immune system [ 12 ] together with a long latency period, are key issues that have hindered the comprehensive understanding of the M . pneumoniae infection processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative “-omics” in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Reveals Key Virulence Factors

et al. 2015

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The human respiratory tract pathogen M. pneumoniae is one of the best characterized minimal bacterium. Until now, two main groups of clinical isolates of this bacterium have been described (types 1 and 2), differing in the sequence of the P1 adhesin gene. Here, we have sequenced the genomes of 23 clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae. Studying SNPs, non-synonymous mutations, indels and genome rearrangements of these 23 strains and 4 previously sequenced ones, has revealed new subclasses in the two main groups, some of them being associated with the country of isolation. Integrative analysis of in vitro gene essentiality and mutation rates enabled the identification of several putative virulence factors and antigenic proteins; revealing recombination machinery, glycerol metabolism and peroxide production as possible factors in the genetics and physiology of these pathogenic strains. Additionally, the transcriptomes and proteomes of two representative strains, one from each of the two main groups, have been characterized to evaluate the impact of mutations on RNA and proteins levels. This study has revealed that type 2 strains show higher expression levels of CARDS toxin, a protein recently shown to be one of the major factors of inflammation. Thus, we propose that type 2 strains could be more toxigenic than type 1 strains of M. pneumoniae.

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“…[ 1 , 2 ] It is transmitted through aerosols, and the severity of infection varies from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia. [ 3 ] M pneumoniae infections can be treated with macrolides, which are generally considered to be the first-choice antibiotics for children; tetracycline and fluoroquinolones are generally not recommended for use in children because of potential adverse effects. [ 4 , 5 ] However, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae strains has increased rapidly since 2000, especially in Asian countries (In China, in 2012, 100% of M pneumoniae isolates were macrolide resistant; Japan, 100% in 2015; Korea, 64.5% in 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two case reports

Sun

Liu

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Background:Cases of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae have increased rapidly since 2000, especially in Asia. Patients infected with macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae usually present with severe M pneumoniae pneumonia. The aim of this study was to identify indicators for whether children at an early stage of M pneumoniae infection develop mild or severe pneumonia.Case Summary:Herein, we retrospectively reviewed 2 pediatric cases caused by macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae, but with markedly different severity of pneumonia. First, we compared the clinical courses of the patients, then isolated the pathogens and tested their response to macrolides, then finally, carried out whole genome sequencing of these isolates. Despite the difference in clinical presentation of the infection, both isolates exhibited a high level of resistance to macrolide antibiotics. Analysis of clinical data showed that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood samples of the patients in the early stages of disease varied greatly. Genome sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms mainly focused on adhesin P1, which is involved in the pathogenicity of M pneumoniae.Conclusion:The differences of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the early stage of M pneumoniae pneumonia and mutations in P1 protein may help us to distinguish between severe or mild disease after infection with macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae. These findings could lead to the development of screening assays that will allow us to distinguish severe or mild M pneumoniae pneumonia early.

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Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Its Complications

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants

Comparative “-omics” in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Reveals Key Virulence Factors

Two case reports

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