Mycobacterium leprae in six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Northeast Brazil

Frota, Cristiane Cunha; Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Costa; Rocha, Adalgiza da Silva; Suffys, Philip Noël; Rolim, Benedito Neilson; Rodrigues, Laura C.; Barreto, Maurício Lima; Kendall, Carl; Kerr, Lígia Regina Franco Sansigolo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762012000900029

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, a study envolved Dasypus novencinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus infected by Micobacterium leprae were full of dermal ulcers in nodular aspect (Frota et al, 2012). Lesions found in armadillo in this experiment may suggest to nerve damage subsequent to sensitivity loss caused by the etiological agent of leprosy, since they are animals that have a habit of underground digging in search of their food, but the injuries are inconclusive to diagnosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Hepatic steatosis in six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2018

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The six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) stands out among wild mammals due to the rare occurrence of spontaneous metabolic diseases. When altered, the liver, which is important in metabolism, may trigger a dysfunctional cascade, leading to hepatic steatosis. Here we describe a case of hepatic steatosis in a six-banded armadillo living in captivity. The female specimen was captured and donated to the Federal University of Piaui under SISBIO authorization nº53303. The animal was first referred for a veterinary clinical evaluation, and then euthanized following the ethical standards of the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. At the start of the dissection, the abdominal cavity was accessed and sections of all ex situ liver lobes, spleen and mandibular lymph node were subjected to routine histological processing; the results were photo documented. The anatomic and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, which we propose is related to an infectious process as a result of the changes observed in the organs of the lymphoid system. This report of fatty liver disease in armadillo suggests an acute infectious process with lymphoid system involvement. Keywords: Euphractus sexcinctus, infectious, liver, six-banded armadillo, steatosis. Esteatose hepática em tatu-peba (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)Resumo: O tatu-verdadeiro (Euphractus sexcinctus) se destaca entre os mamíferos selvagens devido à rara ocorrência de doenças metabólicas espontâneas. Quando alterado, o fígado, que é importante no metabolismo, pode desencadear uma cascata disfuncional, levando a esteatose hepática. Foi descrito um caso de esteatose hepática em um tatu-verdadeiro vivendo em cativeiro. O espécime feminino foi capturado e doado para a Universidade Federal do Piauí sob a autorização SISBIO nº53303. O animal foi encaminhado para uma avaliação clínica veterinária e, depois, submetido à eutanásia seguindo os padrões éticos do Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária. No início da dissecção, acessou-se a cavidade abdominal e as seções de todos os lóbulos do fígado ex situ, do baço e do linfonodo mandibular foram submetidos ao processamento histológico de rotina. Os resultados foram fotomicrografados e documentados. A análise anatômica e histopatológica confirmou o diagnóstico de esteatose hepática, que está relacionada a um processo infeccioso como resultado das mudanças observadas nos órgãos do sistema linfóide. Este relatório de doença hepática gordurosa no armadillo sugere um processo infeccioso agudo com comprometimento do sistema linfático. Euphractus sexcinctus, infecção, fígado, tatu-verdadeiro, esteatose. Palavras-chaves:

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Hepatic steatosis in six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, it reveals that the M. leprae genotype present in the collected water samples is the same as that found in the lesions of leprosy patients. Previous studies with environmental samples have also shown the presence of M. leprae DNA with varying positivity percentages: from 24 to 47.7% in water 8,15 ; 33.3%, 34.3%, and 37.5% in soil samples from the peridomicile of leprosy patients 9,10,16 ; and 21% in armadillos from endemic regions in Ceará 17 . CDERM: Dona Libânia National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology; IRR: incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Holanda

Marques

Macedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: This study quantified Mycobacterium leprae bacilli in environmental water samples from five municipalities in the State of Ceará by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compared the identified genotypes with those obtained from leprosy patient biopsies. Methods: We collected five replicas from each of the 30 selected reservoirs and skin lesion biopsies from 25 new leprosy cases treated at a reference center in Fortaleza, Ceará from 2010 to 2013. The 16S rRNA gene region of M. leprae was amplified by qPCR and a standard curve was created with the pIDTBlue 16SrRNAMlep plasmid. The Juazeiro do Norte water samples and the biopsies were genotyped (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 1 to 4) and the SNP 4 genotypes were subtyped. Results: Of the 149 water samples analyzed, 54.4% were positive for the M. leprae DNA. The M. leprae bacilli copy number ranged from 1.42 × 10 -1 to 1.44 × 10 + 2 . Most biopsies showed SNP type 4 (64%), while all samples from Juazeiro do Norte were SNP type 4, with subtype 4-N appearing at the highest frequency. Conclusions: We suggest that environmental waters containing M. leprae bacilli play an important role in disease transmission, justifying PGL-1 seropositivity in individuals living in areas where there is no reported case, and in leprosy cases individuals who report no previous contact with other case. Therefore, further investigation is needed to clarify disease transmission in this region and to explore the role of the environment. We also suggest that in this area surveillance for leprosy cases should be intensified.

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“…The four remaining studies were located in the north or north east of Brazil: a 2012 study caught 29 armadillos (27 Dasypus novemcinctus, 2 Euphractus sexcinctus) between July and August 2007 in the north east region state of Ceará [8]; two more recent studies caught 16 and 12 Dasypus novemcinctus from the states of Pará (unspecified dates) and Amazonas (expedition in August 2015) [10], respectively; the most recent study (2019) caught 20 Euphractus [22]. The 10 included studies yielded a total sample of 302 armadillos (295 live, 7 roadkill), comprising 207 (69%) Dasypus novemcinctus ('Nine-banded'), 67 (22%) Euphractus sexcinctus ('Six-banded'), 16 (5%) Priodontes maximus ('Giant'), 10 (3%) Cabassous unicinctus ('Southern Naked-tailed'), and 2 (1%) Cabassous tatouay ('Greater Naked-tailed') ( Fig 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10 included studies yielded a total sample of 302 armadillos (295 live, 7 roadkill), comprising 207 (69%) Dasypus novemcinctus ('Nine-banded'), 67 (22%) Euphractus sexcinctus ('Six-banded'), 16 (5%) Priodontes maximus ('Giant'), 10 (3%) Cabassous unicinctus ('Southern Naked-tailed'), and 2 (1%) Cabassous tatouay ('Greater Naked-tailed') ( Fig 2). Armadillos were captured by local hunters in 7 studies [3,8,10,22,23,26,27], by veterinarians or wildlife specialists in 2 studies [7,28] and the method was not reported in one study [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first report of natural infection of M. leprae in wild armadillos in Brazil was a preliminary finding in 2002 based on PCR analysis of blood samples from 14 nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) from the south-eastern state of Espírito Santo [6]. A later study confirmed these findings in Espírito Santo [7], and M. leprae was subsequently reported in wild armadillos from the northern states of Ceará [8] and Pará [3]. Conversely, studies in São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul [9] and Amazonas [10] found no M. leprae in wild armadillos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Understanding the prevalence of M. leprae infection in armadillos is important because of evidence from Brazil and other countries of an association between contact with armadillos and the development of Hansen's Disease (leprosy). Our aim was to characterize studies which have investigated natural M. leprae infection in wild armadillos in Brazil, and to quantify and explore variability in the reported prevalence of infection. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019155277

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Mycobacterium leprae in six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Hepatic steatosis in six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)

Hepatic steatosis in six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)

Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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