Mutagens in diesel exhaust particulate identification and direct activities of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, 9-nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene and 5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran-5-one

Pitts, James N.; Lokensgard, David M.; Harger, William P.; Fisher, Tom; Mejia, Victoria; Schuler, James J.; Scorziell, Gina M.; Katzenstein, Yvonne A.

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(82)90049-5

Cited by 195 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[14][15][16] The mutagenic activities were similar under the tow mixes in Santiago, suggesting that other kinds of sources also play some role in the air pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration and Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles in Urban Air: Comparison of Tokyo Area and Santiago.

Koyano¹,

Endō²,

Katoh

et al. 2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Five mutagenic and/or carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Salmonella mutagenicity in airborne particles collected at three stations (industrial, commercial/residential, and agricultural areas) in Santiago, Chile were measured, and compared with the same measurements in the Tokyo metropolitan area. PAH concentrations showed daily variations in both cities. The concentrations of fourring PAHs were higher in the Tokyo area than in Santiago, and the concentrations of five-or-more-ring PAHs were higher in Santiago than in the Tokyo area. Mutagenic activities also showed daily variations in both places, and were generally higher in Santiago. In the Tokyo area, the mutagenic activities were higher under conditions of TA98-S9 mix than under TA98+S9 mix while in Santiago, the activities were similar under the two mixes. There were good correlations between PAH concentrations and mutagenic activities in both areas. In Santiago, mutagenic activities and PAH concentrations were higher in the commercial/residential area and the industrial area than in the agricultural area.

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“…[14][15][16] The mutagenic activities were similar under the tow mixes in Santiago, suggesting that other kinds of sources also play some role in the air pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration and Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles in Urban Air: Comparison of Tokyo Area and Santiago.

Koyano¹,

Endō²,

Katoh

et al. 2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…Bioassay directed fractionation and characterization studies have shown that this is not the case for diesel emissions. The most mutagenic components seem to be substituted PAH found in the moderately polar fraction of particle extracts (33)(34)(35)(36). Such mutagenic PAH derivatives include compounds with hydroxy, ketone, quinone, carboxy aldehyde, acid anhydride, dihydroxy, and nitro substituents.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus report: mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of car exhausts and coal combustion emissions

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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“…They are not only ubiquitous in the atmosphere but may also be present in high concentrations in confined spaces (e.g., office and home environment) primarily as a result of cigarette smoking (34,36,37). Ni-troarenes can be present in the atmosphere absorbed onto various particles (e.g., fly ash, diesel emissions, and carbon black), or they may be present in the gaseous phase of sidestream cigarette smoke and automobile exhausts (28,32,36,37). The nitropyrenes appear to predominate among the environmental nitroarenes.…”

Section: Nitropolynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of organic particulates to respiratory cancer.

Matanoski¹,

Fishbein

Redmond

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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This paper presents some of the issues that remain to be resolved in order to assess the risk of cancer related to exposure to organic particulates. Most reviews of the effects of organic particulates from the outdoor environment on the risk of lung cancer show that this source seems to play a minor role. However, as fuel use and chemical composition of air pollutants change, the contribution of outdoor pollution as a cause of cancer may also change. Indoor air pollution is a more important source of exposure to organic particulates than is outdoor exposure. Although there is clear evidence that in occupational settings organic particulates cause human cancer, there has been almost no study of exposure to these types of particulates within indoor settings. Previous research has focused on cigarette smoke as the major indoor pollutant, but more specific characterization of contaminants in both the workplace and the home is required. The health effects of the higher levels of some of these contaminants in the workplace should be evaluated and the results extrapolated to populations exposed to lower levels in the home. Extensive research is needed to characterize organic particulate mixtures appropriately and test them for carcinogenicity. Studies on the health risks of nitropolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are reviewed, but their contribution to the overall burden of respiratory cancer in humans cannot be estimated at this time. Characterization of mixtures, assessment of exposures, and linkage of exposures to health effects are the objectives of the recommendations proposed for further research.

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Mutagens in diesel exhaust particulate identification and direct activities of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, 9-nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene and 5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran-5-one

Cited by 195 publications

References 24 publications

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration and Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles in Urban Air: Comparison of Tokyo Area and Santiago.

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration and Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles in Urban Air: Comparison of Tokyo Area and Santiago.

Consensus report: mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of car exhausts and coal combustion emissions

Contribution of organic particulates to respiratory cancer.

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